European Medicine Center

Doctors and patients built on Internet's first virtual medical encyclopedia.

2009-09-08T11:24:00.002-07:00

The project has been funded by the Plan Avanza and has the backing of major Latin American organizations.

Salupedia is the first Web-based social collaboration between health professionals and citizens.

Salupedia is the result of extraordinary effort of citizens and health professionals, to achieve secure access to health information online.

Create a user community where professionals (doctors, nurses, psychologists...) Recommend content, existing but dispersed in the network, patients, families and citizens in general, is a new experience and enriching for both groups.

Thus, the citizen finds a place to access reliable information on health, recommended by professionals. The practitioner, in turn, has a place of trust where to direct their patients when they want to prescribe information.

In the words of Dr. Ignacio Basagoiti, project manager Salupedia is many things, an encyclopedia, a social web, community, Web 2.0 experience. . . but is mainly a tool to recommend, and receive health information secure. It is the first time he starts a project like this and be able to do in our language is a measure of maturity that has reached the Spanish on the Internet

One of the most important activities of health professionals is to recommend information and educate people. Citizens easily incorporate more preventive activities, follow their medication and get better clinical benefits when couples understand what is happening and are involved in your healing process.

Salupedia is because a family medical encyclopaedia that retrieves, sorts and orders, the best information on health was created by a community of professionals and citizens whose roles and differentiated activities and enrich certify that information.

Salupedia has been made possible by a grant from the Ministry of Industry, through the convening of the Avanza Plan for digital content and is backed by leading organizations such as the Spanish Association of Pediatrics, the Medical Association of Argentina and the Universidad Politécnica de Valencia.

The project has been run by the Institute ITACA-TSB and conducted by TSB Solutions.

About ITHACA-TSB

ITHACA-TSB is a group of excellence dedicated to the development and transfer of new technology applications to improve the quality of life: telemedicine and e-health, e-inclusion, Ambient Intelligence (AMI) and information for health.

ITHACA-TSB seeks to implement initiatives to promote health, specifically on issues such as physical activity and healthy eating habits, creating scenarios where the integration techniques are vital signs telemonitoring, knowledge management, application of motivational strategies, and so on .

ITHACA TSB belongs to the Institute of the Polytechnic University of Valencia, working on major European and national projects such as PIPS, Vaal HeartCycle, Persona, Nuadu, etc.. It also offers solutions for institutions and companies as Educasalud (Fundación Telefónica), Digital Cities (Alcoy, Santander), Hospital Visiting (Hospital La Fe), Ambulatory Surgery (Hospital Dr. Peset, etc.).

About TSB Solutions

TSB SOLUTIONS SA is a company dedicated to introducing and developing new technologies for personalized health care and welfare, improving the quality of life of people, and creating new business opportunities from their research and technological capabilities.

TSB SOLUTIONS SA was founded in January 2008 as a spin-off ITACA Institute of the Polytechnic University of Valencia. Based on the experience of over ten years of research for social and health sector, and thanks to its structure and alliances, TSB SOLUTIONS SA has the ability to effectively evaluate and exploit the business potential of R & D of greater relevance in the sector, bringing to market new products and solutions.

Furthermore TSB SOLUTIONS SA has an extensive network of professional and personal relationships with Spanish, European and multinational companies, with government, with NGOs and with funding agencies of the R & D, developed in the framework of research projects and contracts made, which gives TSB SOLUTIONS SA a broad and deep state of technology, our skills and the market they are targeting.

Website:

http://www.salupedia.org
http://www.tsb.upv.es
http://www.tsbsoluciones.com

Hazle initiative with a site in your bag, Control puts 300,000 condoms in the bag of Spanish women.

2009-09-08T11:24:00.001-07:00

Notes, snuff, strips, calendars, deodorant, toothpaste, antibiotics, mirrors, socks, fruit or stuffed animals are some of the most curious objects that girls have exchanged for condoms.

A positive pregnancy test from a girl of 18 years has undoubtedly been the most striking object

With this initiative, aimed solely at women and supported by the Ministry of Health and Consumption Control has distributed 300,000 condoms for three days in 10 Spanish cities.

Control, a leading brand of condoms in the pharmaceutical sector, has managed to convince women with Hazle initiative a place on your bag, with which aimed to promote condoms among youth to combat unwanted pregnancies. This campaign, supported by the Ministry of Health and Consumption, which was directed solely to women as prescribing and use as the primary victims of the consequences that entails no use of condoms during sexual intercourse.

For three days Control has distributed 300,000 condoms in 10 Spanish cities and has collected thousands of items considered unnecessary for girls in her purse, exchange and deposition in a glass case. This exchange was a symbol reminding them to always have to make time to condoms, because in them is their health

José Manuel López Back, Director of Marketing Control discusses the teenagers should be made aware of the danger posed to them by unsafe sex. Moreover, parents also should help in the fight for unwanted pregnancies and should not be surprising that their daughters carry condoms in your bag

Notes, snuff, strips, calendars, deodorant, toothpaste, antibiotics, mirrors, socks, fruit or stuffed animals are some of the most curious objects that girls have exchanged for condoms. However, the most striking object was the exchange that made a girl of 18 who deposited a pregnancy test with positive result.

Madrid, Barcelona, Seville, Bilbao, Valencia, Zaragoza, Malaga, Murcia, Cordoba and Alicante were the cities selected to carry out this campaign, aimed at women for several reasons: it has an increasingly greater role in sexual intercourse because it is more reflective and analytical than men and also the most important reason and because it is she who suffers the direct consequences of not using condoms (unwanted pregnancy, single motherhood, abortions, infections, etc.).

At the end of the campaign, José Manuel López Vuelta We concluded it was a success. We are very satisfied with the results obtained, the women thanked the launch of an initiative directed exclusively to them, when they are most affected by unwanted pregnancies

Useful information

According to data recently by the Ministry of Health and Consumption, Spanish young people maintain their first intercourse at age 16, the girls still outperform boys in early. Moreover, according to a report by Control, 19% of young people between 20 and 30 years never use condoms with casual partners, the youngest band this data is even higher. Some alarming data taking into account the cases of unwanted pregnancies registered in Spain. In 10 years it has doubled the rate of teenage pregnancy (10 to 17 years) from 3.07 per thousand in 1997 to 6.3 per thousand in 2007.

Spain Youth Report 2008 (INJUVE), which analyzes the evolution of sexual behavior of young people in Spain, shows that the percentage of unwanted pregnancies has increased from 9.9% in 2004 to 12.1% in 2008. The average age at which this occurred was 19.6 years in 2004 and 22.5 years in 2008. Almost half (49.5%) of these pregnancies ended in abortion.

According to the Office of Voluntary Interruption of Pregnancy (IVE), the rate of abortion (interruptions per 1,000 registered) in women aged 15 to 44 years in 2007 was 11.49%. This represents an increase of 91.5% in just 10 years.

Although rates have risen IVE in all age groups in the last decade, in 2007 38.8% of women who had an EVI were under 25 years. Additionally, this same year, 32.4% of women who terminated her pregnancy voluntarily had done one or more times previously.

About Control:
Control, a leading brand of condoms in the pharmacy channel already has over 30 years experience and is present in over 20 countries. The presence of control is stronger in Mediterranean countries, with Spain, Portugal, Italy and Turkey among the countries with more weight but with a presence in other countries such as Morocco and Saudi Arabia.

Factory Control that caters to all countries is installed in Madrid and employs highly qualified specialists in the production and development of such products.

The condom is a contraceptive method cheap, convenient, reliable and secure, as far as protection of sexually transmitted diseases, as endorse the 6 million Spanish consumers.

From age 50 the risk of osteoporotic fracture is 40% in women and 13% in men.

2009-09-08T11:23:00.000-07:00

Osteoporosis has become in recent decades in one of the diseases that are motivating increased interest in the field of preventive medicine, its importance both clinical and socio-economically. The College Medical Organization has updated its Guide to Best Practice in osteoporosis, targeting primary care physicians to provide diagnostic and treatment options based on scientific evidence and professional criteria alone, in a simple schematic

Within the collection of Good Clinical Practice Guidelines which is editing the Organization Medical College, has just seen the light a new updated edition of the guide to osteoporosis.

As the president of the General Council of Medical Colleges, Dr. Isacio Siguero, these guides can help the doctor in the daily exercise of their profession, providing the precise and schematic options for diagnostic and therapeutic approach based on scientific evidence and purely professional criteria.

Ongoing training is an essential requirement in the medical profession and, as noted by Dr. Alfonso Moreno, president of the National Board of Medical Specialties, a way of maintaining this high level of quality and meet the requirements based Medicine Evidence is to establish performance standards in line with scientific knowledge.

The authors of this guide are doctors Cristina Carbonell (Barcelona), Juan Antonio Martín (Toledo) and Carmen Valdes (Madrid), with the collaboration of Professor Xavier Nogues (Barcelona) as a consultant and coordinating the work by Doctor Francisco Toquero and Juan Jose Rodriguez Sendín, College of Physicians.

Permanent current osteoporosis

Osteoporosis has gone from being regarded as a physiological process clearly related to a disease with a series of disorders of bone metabolism. It is currently defined as the progressive loss of bone mass and deteriorating bone quality, leading to thinning of its structure, increasing its fragility.

Since osteoporotic fracture is the most obvious manifestation of the existence of osteoporosis, try the early diagnosis of bone loss before fractures occur. Bone densitometry is currently the most widely used technique for determining bone mass, antiresorptive available treatment for the prevention and treatment as well as bone-forming drugs.

Fragility fractures cause a huge impact and are socio major clinical consequence of osteoporosis. After 50 years of age, the risk of osteoporotic fracture is 40% in women and 13% in men. In the case of hip fracture, this causes a mortality approaching 30% in the first year and more than half of those who survive it have some degree of disability more or less important.

Due to the significance, both clinical and socio-economic, osteoporosis has become in recent decades in one of the diseases that are motivating increased interest in the field of preventive medicine.

Since the Primary Health Care, and based on the principles that govern it, the more effective action must be developed from primary prevention and It has some general measures applicable to all chronic diseases. These preventive activities in general can make a huge difference, because you need only modify certain behaviors in lifestyles, it has a decisive bearing on the emergence of the disease.

SEPAR medical organizations joined in demanding the entry of doctors in Gaza.

2009-09-08T11:22:00.000-07:00

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According to Doctors Without Borders: Most emergencies are receiving very serious injuries with wounds to the chest
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SEPAR has contacted ALAT (Latin American Thoracic Association), the AIACT (Latin American Association of Thoracic Surgery) and the ERS (European Respiratory Society) to promote an international movement involving scientific societies in supporting initiatives that work to allow humanitarian and health aid in Gaza.

Given the humanitarian crisis in Gaza, SEPAR (Spanish Society of Pneumology and Thoracic Surgery) through its SeparSolidaria initiative, joins the World Medical Association (WMA) and other international medical organizations such as Doctors Without Borders (MFS) and the Red Cross in a call for a ceasefire to allow the entry of urgent humanitarian assistance and medical resources to alleviate the situation of the population living in Gaza. It urges the international authorities to ensure respect for international conventions on Human Rights and the Geneva Accords to ensure that doctors and other health professionals provide care to all persons involved in armed conflicts in need.

Indicates that the Red Cross International Humanitarian Law stipulates that medical personnel and hospitals should be respected and protected as medical vehicles and ambulances. Red Cross is currently assessing the three-hour truce were wholly insufficient to evacuate the injured and demanded the Israeli armed forces to provide immediate care for injuries and ensure access for ambulances throughout the area without restrictions, such as regulating International Humanitarian Law.

So far have died in Gaza, 21 medical professionals and 30 were wounded. 11 ambulances have been targeted in military attacks, according to the Palestinian Minister of Health on the website of the WHO (World Health Organization).

Doctors Without Borders, which works regularly SeparSolidaria, working in Gaza City has complained that the military offensive indiscriminately affect civilians while medical teams experiencing enormous difficulties in providing assistance. In a statement indicated a balance estimated 800 deaths (219 children) and over 3,000 injured. Also, explain that the urban population is trapped and do not dare leave home for medical care.

According to MSF, the emergency services of hospitals are more than overwhelmed. During the first ten days the reference hospital d'Al Shaif has conducted more than 300 surgical procedures, surgeons and medical staff Palestinians are exhausted and barely able to cope with the arrival of the injured: the majority of emergencies are receiving serious injuries and multiple injuries, mostly with wounds to the chest, abdomen or face.

Speaking to Global Research - national broadcast of the Center for Globalization Research, a private institution based in Canada - the Norwegian doctor Mads Gilbert said earlier this week that Al Shifa Hospital had attended a ten year old boy "who had the whole chest full of fragments of the bomb on his lap and mutilated leg of another person".

9 Suggestions for fun sex

2009-04-28T15:38:00.000-07:00

According to an amusing way of sex Seksolog peace to your body and improve your fantasy goes.

Between the ages of 20-40 are experiencing the most intense of sex, women and men, the years are the most active. However, outside this age range is also to the desire to desire, that desire peace with the body, orgasm experience, the fantasy of the good life of each individual may continue throughout the sexual life.

As the years progress or decline in sexual desire in a long association, erection and ejaculation problems in men, the problem of women lubrikasyon-drying can occur. Sexuality such factors may also make mecburiyettenmişcesine one level and routine. This routine life; couples closer to each other, the desire to maintain the body to be peace in the fantasy develop, to review such issues as sexual preference and can be prevented.

Sexual IQ, a person's preferences, emotions, sex while you remove the smell and sounds of the body, sexual activities of the limit, is prohibited and non-point and want to live to reconsider the changes and all these factors is self-acceptance. Therefore, the importance of a good sex life is invaluable.

Here you need to remember the important points:

1: no relevance to the tab you have no body image. The non-perfect body gets pleasure from sex, to give pleasure to the partner. Here, the parties have mutually honest and respectful, sexuality in this way, life is important. Satisfying sex creates positive factors during sex sexual desire, the parties' ability to permit us to assess the capability, related to sexuality with the correct information to be sufficient to feel the excitement and the cerebral concentration of mutual sensual scent attractive to each other as can be summarized.

2: a part of sex is also fun. People are free to the language of the fantasy of establishing, within the framework of honesty and respect and enjoy what is presented to partners, the privileged sexuality as a gift and everyone is entitled to enjoy the sexual life of acceptance will be the color.

3: the frequency of sex is not important. A married couple having sex changing range is a state full of people. Couple having sex in a range no less, the following should not be. However, a periodic approach for continuous cooperation or encourage marriage. To be retained, especially in terms of reciprocal temperature periodically find important. Periodic intervals satisfying certain mergers, but also more in terms of sexual function is also important.

4: Sex on the reservation is not included. Drawback is scary, not of sex, be sincere and open talk as is a requirement for a happy sexual life. Couple to each other likes to be able to say, you should feel good and during sex, of sex or show a performance should not be normal. This is possible but by talking.

5: children in families bitmez sex. It should be noted that, to have children is not an important factor in terms of sexuality. Even according to the daily life and sexuality into their time to choose should be concentrated to one another, especially during this time.

6: Hard to create a problem, the problem is not entirely in your head. In the last 25 years, a medical condition caused by hardening of the problem has to clarify. Hardening of the problem is often the psychological aspects (depression, anxiety and stress may be the role of), almost always has a physical cause.

7: Hard to see the problem not only in elderly men. Men over the age of 40 in this case is the more common, can occur in men of all ages. A new study, between 40 and 70 years approximately half of men from time to time to provide stiffening and / or put you continue having trouble. Rate of increase with years of hard problems, it alone aging, hardening as the problem is not a reason. Problems more frequently seen in older men, hardening the reason, such as high blood pressure are age-related diseases.

8: Sexual relationships in the couple of years too old for sexual relations is related to değilsiniz.Tüm. Relationship is an important part of a healthy sexual life. Indeed, many research active sex life is a natural part of aging has been displayed too.

9: Even if you have lost mutual attraction can get back. At what point it is important that they are losing. Couples face each other, their attractiveness will lose these points: to be inadequate during sex, they are afraid to be abnormal, with sex partners about the points can not talk, they feel about sex can not be expressed in words. During or after sex to feel close to partner, touch each other, waiting to be excited by the fantasy and desire is not about guilt and how male-female body is working to assess the sensual character, harmony and mutual attraction can be obtained again.

Everything you wanted to know about sex

2009-04-28T15:35:00.000-07:00

Sexual life, remaining one of humanity's most dark. A combination of fear with feelings of shame, any kind of sexuality combined with false rumors to the cause. Hearsay information, was invented stories, sexuality is a secret as long as a whisper, takes the place of truth.

Here you have real information ... Maybe, you can not ask and wonder, perhaps because of false false false information that you know we've compiled the questions.

Where is the G spot?
One of the most important discovery of the century the name of the G point. In 1940 the German gynecologist Dr. med. Established by the name of Ernst Granfenburg this point, more exactly, the field, the claim that the woman is one of the most erogenous zone. On the walls of the vagina, and a point approximately 5 cm in depth in an area than can the G spot orgasm is easy said. Why import a rumor that you like to come, to find this region, the energy expenditure Kristof Kolombun expendable when America must explore. Because the Polar Star to know the location of the sky, it does not mean you can see in the sky every night. With your partner to find this sensitive area can try various positions.

G spot is only for women-specific erogenous zones?
Men of women can be warned of the area warned. For example, to end breast, inner ear and the nape of the neck, in women's erogenous zones are also common in men. For men, women, the corresponding region of the G spot, is located between the anus and testicles. It's easy to find the male G spot. However, men often do not like being touched close to the anus, it may not allow.

Penis, the actual size is reached when?
Male sexual organs, 17 years old will reach the normal size. Men, 10-13 yaşlarıda enter adolescence period, penis and other organs, such as development, and continues to grow. This growth lasts until the age of 17. The entry into a man's adolescence, sexual development is not the same thing to complete.

What is normal penis size?
Here's the answer from the men they're looking for a very small age fateful question. This is the normal extent of the main reasons for seeking the slip at the bottom of this, or I am on top concern. The answer to this question please partner with the penis, the penis is normal as can be. In all, the goal is to lengthen the penis. However, if you want an answer more math, 13-15 cm up here. So far, the longest penis in the medical records of 33.5 cm long and 15 cm in diameter that are specified. Let me tell you, a very big penis, people can only bring problems. Why say; 1st Longer and wider than the penis, vagina, can hurt. 2. As the penis enlargement, erection becomes difficult.

Does the length is important, width?
You tell me, what? Forget the long penis of male obsession. Look what he says sex therapist Julie goals:
If you could design an ideal penis, such as the doorknob, it would be short and kaimdir.

Is baby oil must be used when using a condom?
Increases slipperiness condoms oils can negatively affect that. Petrolatum based oils, hand cream, lip gloss, the substances such as lipstick, can weaken condoms. Instead of using this type of custom designed products and materials specified may be used with condom use. Or lengthen the front sevişme.

AIDS, is spread by oral sex is?
Might. Some body fluids and blood of HIV infection is known by all. During oral sex in the microscopic cuts in your mouth, a small wound dişetlerinizdeki may cause the virus to enter your body. Not only HIV, herpes virus, and many sexual diseases, can be infected during oral sex.

Sex during menstruation is safe?
No. You can get pregnant. Or you can stay alive during the 5 days of sperm in the vagina still have not learned? Think of the term and safe to get pregnant can be very painful surprise. Remember, some women, even during sexual intercourse may spawn!

Sometimes sex hurts the cause?
Vaginal fluid is not sufficient, if you do not use a slippery, painful sex may arise due to irritation. A little pain after sex usually does not create a problem is of sex. However, the pain becomes constant and repeated during and after any merger is necessarily look doctorate. Because this type of pain can be a harbinger of vaginal cysts and sores. Itching and irritation you are experiencing post-merger, perhaps you are allergic to semen. You be you, do not toss your business look and a PhD.

Clitoris after sex is precisely why?
Clitoris, similar to an iceberg ... So you can not see the parties, is much more than you can see. Has a structure similar to the penis in males. Blood during sex in kılcaldamarlar dollars. Increases sensitivity to touch.

Why we feel better after orgasm?
Orgasm, the blood flow in the arteries and accelerate the movement animation. Meditation is effective as a relaxation method. Bungee Jumping was one feet on the ground when the thought of his current relaxation. Orgasm, a little bit similar.

Are there calories in semen?
Yes. There are about 25 in semen of kilojul a boşalım.

Semen is sometimes dark Why?
If you love your partner's semen it is dark. Because knowing that it was store size. Often depending on the relationship of male semen consistency changes.

Women also discharged to?
This answer is also very much debated and a subject of curiosity. According to some percentage of women as men 40ı is empty. However, the normal vagina fluid, or contribute to the G spot orgasm is the subject that is not definite yet. In a research made in 1988 Slovakyada, pressure was applied to women's G spot, in the end, a discharge was seen in some women.

Why penis will sometimes tilt?
In some cases the penis was in goal, where you can see lying to one side. This is normal. Just like other organs of the penis, shows different features in every person. And penis are called Peyronies disease is not clear why a painful disease that causes cells to reproduce or to stop the penis can cause distorted.

The penis is broken?
Yes. An erect penis, can break under pressure. Is very painful and doctors needed to intervene, this situation may be a serious problem for men. This predicament is not to live, the benefits have to be careful.

Men like to simulate an orgasm?
Yes. Erection does not mean that necessarily will be discharged. Is very tired, maybe even a headache or the weather is not likely. Just for you, feel free to break you could not turn back. May choose to emulate you have an orgasm orgasm.

Sounds during sex is funny?
Yes, such things can be sometimes. In fact, it is even possible to gastight. This natural process as a part of sex can accept.

What is sexy Spaniard?
What happens then is that French Kissten? Do not say. Have a very special party. Difference from a normal relationship, men's, women's breasts to drain on. Her nickname is given to people who want to patent and put a nation where so short a name.

The penis is why blue?
Down position, the penis, more blood to go, can cause the penis to the blue. After discharge or termination ereksiyonun, the actual color returned to the penis again. Do not look if you are very disturbed. He is disturbed, you look to a doctor. At least, it will ease.

Eat Strawberry against acne

2009-04-28T15:34:00.002-07:00

Abundant in the A, B and C vitamins and calcium, iron and phosphorus containing minerals, such as strawberry, an important shield against cancer.

According to experts strawberries; cancer protective and preventive properties brings progress. Strengthening the immune and nutritional value is high strawberry, infantile paralysis, mouth sores and skin to create some viruses have deadly effects. Strawberry's other benefits are: Skin care of the acne and acne income. Diuretic, rheumatism and gout disease have pain reduction effect. To strengthen the nerves, reduce intestinal worm, and fire. However, sometimes a very powerful nutrient that can cause allergies.

When buying strawberries, vibrant red color and select the untainted ones. Consumed immediately after your purchase. Will keep 1-2 days in the refrigerator, stalks, and wash before the break to keep a large bowl. On breaking the strawberry extract deviation. Fresh strawberries as well as the benefit table for the cake, jam, marmalade, compote, the ice cream, the grape juice and the liqueur can be made.

legends of sex for new marrieds

2009-04-28T15:34:00.001-07:00

Fallacy of the new married couple's life into a nightmare can. Women living in fear of suffering the most in men is most common fallacy is always ready for sex and sexuality need to succeed in.

Ignorance of the new marriage or incorrect information due to sexual and psychological problems that emphasize Psychiatry Specialist Berfu Günel Akbaş, because of the lack of information and eliminated the fear of both mental problems and has improved between the couple said.

Yeditepe University Hospital Psychiatry Specialist Berfu Günel Akbaş, in society but in fact it is widely believed in the accuracy of sexual myths are not true because a lot of problems compared with the double, you're also says:

Sexuality in a hush-hush topic. Not a subject that can be comfortable to talk comfortably. Therefore, the hearsay problems to things that step into marriage is inevitable.

I fear that most women take the pain that the Akbaş, the environment has suffered a great deal of continuous sexual women, many married women, the bleeding will hear is the muscles themselves. Sexuality can not live comfortably. Therefore, we also encountered a lot of cases Vajinismus. In a large Under Vajinismusun lies the lack of information. In the first session to inform the head to destroy the fear that the cases are solved because the problem is. Most common in men of the wrong belief that men always ready for sex and sexuality should be successful. This causes men to live in fear of failure. Male sexual organ is the size of the indicator in the shape of the sexual power of men experience difficulty in sexual myth causes.

NORMAL DOUBLE may be different for each

Underlining that the normal rules of sexuality that Akbaş, which provides support for the pair explained:

Sexual intercourse with the following as often as you should, normally, such as the rules are not suggestions. Each couple has a ritual. So sometimes a couple times a week and likes to sleep, sometimes 3 times per month for each couple in the example does not have a problem we can not too little. Has one of the difficulties of the other spouse or to find common points for this, they can help the doctor come. However, there is a decrease in the problems of the former compared with the couple. To solve the chronic problems getting past it was difficult. Because sexual problems, relationship problems were converted to. So his wife was looking for was damaged. The problem is much easier when they come to grow. Sexual problems are very important for the correct information. In particular, the flow of information on anatomy teaching in the first should start.

False sexual beliefs

- Sexuality is the men will start and manage this very serious pressure on the forms of men. Control should start, I have managed to experience anxiety.
- Female sexuality is always ready.
- The size of male sexual organs sexuality is very important.
- The start of sexual relations is the woman of loose morals.
- Sexual relationships and men must begin to manage.
- Women's first sexual experience, a great experience bleeding: But today we know that some springy and no bleeding of the hymen, can be flexible. This is a normal process.
- Sexual relationships, sexual intercourse is not. So the relationship is not sexual intercourse penis vagina every relationship need not necessarily experienced sexual intercourse. Sexuality in close intellectual share in emotionally starts.

Even the recommendations

- Even in the first stage to the concerns, fears and sexual expectations should be shared. Communication is very important.
- Even a disturbance of any one of, if there is no shortage should not pretend to. We are very much a matter of listening to the role, for example. Objectionable behavior.
- Sexual problems in the family lot open. The most appropriate method is to consult an expert.

Pregnant and Travel Tips

2009-04-28T15:33:00.003-07:00

Mothers of control passes doctor before going on holiday, to inform doctors about it, very hot or very cold regions, and certainly do not prefer to take along a photocopy of the medical file is recommended.

Hacettepe University (HU) Faculty of Medicine Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics of the Faculty Member Prof.. Dr. Hakan wounded, of mothers, and babies in the period of confinement in the process of adjustment to new conditions, social life was lost, and often have to spend time indoors in closed spaces are left.

Of mothers, after the birth and psychological fiziken in the process, some difficulties can be expressed in the wounded, before the birth of vacation opportunities for pregnant knows, healthy and smooth for a vacation of physician recommendations should not ignore the warnings found.

Do not neglect to inform your HEKİM

Wounded, in the early period of pregnancy and low-risk pregnancies in the last week that may be at risk for premature birth, the mother of the candidate, before making vacation plans take you to do so checked by a doctor said.

Mothers of the need to inform doctors about the history of the holiday highlights wounded, always, the holiday will be spent in close proximity to, a fully equipped hospital that is sure. He said the hospital should know the exact location.

Travel expenses to the medical file of a copy should also be taken as the striking wounded, a possible problem, the doctor by now followed up and the mother of the candidate with the baby's overall health status of what the information is, for the intervention is very important. This is the time for intervention to prevent loss and ensure accurate diagnosis and appropriate intervention will be done as it had not.

Wounded, date of birth is near, go to travel to places as far away as they are appropriate, especially with the risk of premature birth in pregnant women, 30 After the pregnancy weeks are not out of their cities. Travel that is not itself a negative effect, travel may be during the olumsuzluklar is important. Against a possible adverse situation and the life of mother and baby can get into danger warning bulundu.

Should be preferred reposeful PLACE

Long, comprehensive tour of the living and the climate is very different from the conditions of the area chosen for the holiday is not available indicating the wounded, Anne lived in the candidate regions that are different from the extreme heat or extreme cold weather conditions, swelling, cramps, tremor, or effects such as fatigue may result he said.

Wounded, regional and historical tours Weighted culture programs, can cause physical fatigue to point, relaxing and quiet place away from the crowd said to be preferred.

Wounded, who take more than 3-5 hours of travel, the mothers may negatively affect blood circulation, connected to the inertia of lower limb veins deep balls in the risk of clot formation may increase the long journey has to be avoided was expressed.

Providing frequent breaks in the journey by car, train travel is useful to make short walks that hurt expression, mobility, deep balls in the arteries reduces the risk of clot formation said.

Safety belts should be worn always highlights of the wounded, the safety belt is attached, that may occur can not shake the baby will prevent harm has warning.

Wounded, the plane trip that is sure to circumstances where the doctor should be informed about that, the long flight and traveling with other vehicles in the deep balls formed clots in the arteries to reduce the risk of walking to do and plenty of fluids should be taken as it had not.

SUGGESTIONS
Prof. Dr. Hakan wounded, who intend to travel out of pregnancy has the following suggestions:
- The seventh month of pregnancy after a long journey should be avoided,
- Excessive heat and should not go to areas with high altitude,
- Holidays abroad, the developed countries should be preferred,
- Mikrobik against diarrhea only in the water should be turned off,
- Food poisoning from a salad prepared out, should not be eaten rare meat and mayonnaise products,
- Get plenty of fluids and fiber foods should be consumed,
- Go phones should be taken of the health institutions in the region,
- Comfortable, thin, air space and low-heeled shoes, clothes should be worn.

Birth should not be less than two years

2009-04-28T15:33:00.001-07:00

Reasons connected to a woman born in Turkey every day life is lost. In more than three pregnancies, infant mortality rate is also increased 3 and a half times.

Family Planning will save lives by the slogan of the United Nations Population Fund on the road, birth interval of less than two years should not be ...

Family planning, according to research by the world BMnin problem. 200 million women in the world, family planning can not take advantage of opportunities. As a result, each year 23 million unwanted pregnancies, abortion and 22 million, 150 thousand of pregnancy depends on maternal mortality, infant mortality of 1.4 million also is experiencing.

Infant and maternal mortality in most developing countries, less developed and can be seen.

TURKIYEDEKI STATUS
In this framework, Turkey is not içaçıcı the table:

* A woman every day for reasons connected to the birth of Turkey dies.
* Half of these deaths is the result of unwanted pregnancy.
* Two years and three times more than for short periods of time to get pregnant, too risky for the mother.
* Less than two years with a range of birth in pregnancy increases infant mortality rate 2.5 times. The risk of pregnancy after the third is 3.5 times.
* Birth of the baby's mother died when the risk of death increases 8 times.

I will save the 175 THOUSAND WOMEN

UN Population Fund, family planning, selection, and the number of children have parents together is defined as giving. 175 thousand women and family planning in the years to save the life of öngörülüyor.

BIRTH CONTROL TAPE

2009-04-28T15:32:00.001-07:00

Birth control band, contains female hormones estrogen and progesterone. The band width is about 5 inches, hips, arms and stomach after the sub-region into the bloodstream of the hormones involved in each make. Three weeks after the use of methods to call a week is required. This band, prevent ovulation and changing the structure of the uterus mouth secretions of the sperm to reach the uterus and cervix of the thick inner membrane is affected by blocking healing. Thus, the egg would be fertilized in the uterus can not hold.
Who is eligible for? Think of it as a temporary birth control that do not regularly use a birth control method is ideal for women.
Who is objectionable for? Birth control pills are not recommended to be inconvenient to use. In addition, women with sensitive skin also, the method is not recommended because of the possibility of allergic reactions to occur.

With hormone SPİRAL

Spiral placed inside the uterus, a reservoir in the body in small amounts every day from the effects of progesterone hormone are secreted. Hormones for a period of 5 years from the day stuck with spiral protection effect of pregnancy is continued. The most important advantage of the spiral contains the hormone progesterone is the amount of bleeding and one developed in this period greatly reduce the pains. This effect in some women as long as one channel of the spiral is used to cut up all able to go. Containing copper in contrast to spiral, the spiral contains the hormones generated in the risk of genital infection is also very low.

Who is eligible for? A long time and who want to protect women who complain of excessive bleeding for one ideal. Hormones are irregularities with spiral million units resulting from the recommendations are for women.
Who is objectionable for? Progesterone for those who are sensitive objectionable.

COMBINED pills

Birth control pills contain estrogen and progesterone hormones. Many women increase the risk of cancer of the concerns that the pill does. Yet research; opposed to birth control vessels and uterine membrane reduces the risk of ovarian cancer is revealed. Moreover, the risk of breast cancer and healthy women are using does not change the risk of heart disease does not increase. Side effects of these pills is the fear of blood due to increased clotting tendency to prepare the ground for infarction. However, these side effects to the drugs now used through the new generation are now very rare.

Who is eligible for? Seeking short-term protection and is ideal for acne problem.
Who is objectionable for? Vascular congestion, or the risk of breast cancer are high, why not just set the unit for close to a non-bleeding, chronic liver patients and 35 for people over the age of the smoking objectionable.

Streamers problem of vaginal-Physiological Streamers

2009-03-21T17:59:00.001-07:00

A significant portion of women that does not have any disease, but there are currents. Physiological stream as this stream is the most important features of the stream a long time to be there almost every day to find, is odorless, color of the transparent-white or clear to yellow, with pain, urine while burning, bleeding and other symptoms at any one does not. This feature has caused a stream to a disease is unlikely.

Will be used to pad the more physiological discharge sometimes can. In fact, manufacturers of sanitary pads "daily pad" under the name of a product improvements for women because of physiological discharge is a relatively common condition.

Physiological discharge, uterine mouth constantly renews itself with secretory tissue in the vagina is not throwing anymore. From this perspective, is actually an important physiological function of the currents can be said to be.

Physiological discharge controlled by hormones and hormone production to continue when they are particularly active in the reproductive age are seen.

On each day of each cycle of physiological currents may exist only on certain days may occur. Spawning period, egg white consistency in the mouth of the uterus, a clear liquid that can stretch like rubber, and the fluid secreted by women is felt mostly "downstream" as is.

Remember: you do not comply with the rip up the properties of this may indicate you have a problem. Especially the beginning, ie a stream that is not accustomed yourself "physiological discharge" diagnosis and the doctor should not put.

treatment of infertility in women

2009-03-21T17:57:00.001-07:00

Medicine treatment methods, operations, spawning and / or vaccination, auxiliary reproductive techniques (tüpbebek, mikroinjeksiyon) can be summarized as.

Which method should be selected according to the decision would only cause infertility. Even in the few years to protect children have not, the woman's age and wealth ovaries, the number of times before trying the treatment plays a role in selecting the method.

Using the simple and inexpensive method Objectives reasonable period of time is to a healthy birth. Drug or with a simple vaccination could conceive of a couple of unnecessary test tube baby test-tube baby than not, or on the contrary a couple of simple methods can not conceive of other methods should not spend time and money in vain. Therefore, the doctor's decisions, it is important to have experienced. In some cases, compensation is not lost time.

For example, in the mid-level and movements in the number of sperm is low, try a few years, but can not achieve pregnancy, and surgical correction is possible as a young couple that does not have any abnormalities in the grafting treatment is appropriate. Despite the seriousness of the problem in the sperm infertility duration longer than 3 years in a couple likely to achieve pregnancy with the vaccination is very low and this should double to suggest mikroinjeksiyon. The sampling period of infertility can understand how well your methods of selection decisions. Duration of infertility, unexplained infertility tube problems and also is very important phenomenon.

Woman's age and ovarian wealth is very important in the approach. Women of men make a significant difference is the new reproductive cells. Women are born with a certain number of eggs, are not new and every day will reduce the number of eggs and the quality drops. Especially 40? Lı upcoming years to determine treatment methods for women in mind the last time most likely need to choose to give.

Men are responsible for Cancer of the mouth of the uterus

2009-03-21T17:52:00.001-07:00

Virus that causes cancer of the mouth of the uterus in women of polygamous men go to the experts stressed that the issue of uterine cancer is unknown aspects unfold.

Turkey Chairman Prof. Gynecological Oncology Association. Dr. Macit Arvas,? This virus is placed in the mouth of the uterus during sexual contact. Men to women living with polygamous relationships, especially sexual contact with a virus last. However, women can not be aware of the true men. Thus, after a long period of time when this virus into the uterus mouth cancer, even if you do not know that this man caused. Public language? Had cysts in the uterus? they are also? he says.

Prof. Dr. med. Arvas male condom use prevents the spread of viruses is significant is saved.

May I swim in my periods?

2009-03-21T17:51:00.001-07:00

Swimming in the women's menstrual period is objectionable about the widespread belief that the Anadolu Health Center with the Department of Women's Health? Nden Dr. Abraham Sözen, not in pieces, and the unstable sea remaining women were illuminated.

Is it possible to enter DENİZE buffering?
Entry of women into the sea in one period is disadvantageous to have a basis for saying the medical profession, Dr. Abraham Sözen,? Piece is possible to enter into the sea. One of the most intense because of the exceptions to this 1st or 2 may day. This may be inconvenient to go to sea for days. Piece of the other days, the women became sexually active as a buffer in place by vajen can enter into the sea? he said.

Normal use tampons use pads on each channel to be more healthy that the Dr. Sözen,? Buffer microbiological environment for long periods of time vajen change is to remain vajenin, and some bacteria produce normal to above may cause a rapid. Therefore, women who use tampons tampons frequently, for example, between 4-6 hours is recommended to replace? I was talking.

QUICK SEARCH with the MODIFY BUFFER IMPORTANT
Dr. Sözen words continued as follows:? Sea into the possibility of increased summer days of the bumper pad can be used instead. Because the channel buffer to absorb vajen, the channel switching off the front of the swimsuit. Changing the rule is to call attention to the often vajende also eliminated the risk of infection.?

Women's big issue: Endometriosis

2009-03-21T17:48:00.001-07:00

Endometriozis, as normal tissue of the uterus must be within the space of the body moved to another place to place as a result there is a problem emerging. This tissue in the abdominal organs (ovaries, uterus channel within the membrane of the stomach, intestine, urinary bladder) can be found outside the abdomen such as ulunabilir.

Piece bleeding occurs in the membrane inside the uterus in time with the area of focus in this Endometriosis symptoms like bleeding, and cause many complaints. The most common complaint is painful to see one. Most commonly occur in the abdominal cavity is Endometriozis.

Accumulates in the tissues outside the uterus, groin pain and permanent future periods may cause some problems such as infertility.

Exact cause is not known currently Endometriozisin. In this regard, the most widely accepted theory, each channel in the tissue of the uterus during the woman's tube passed into the abdominal cavity and there is continuing development. To allow the immune system also are thought to differ from normal.

Thought to be an important factor Endometrioziste are hereditary predisposition, his mother or another relative is in endometriozis will increase the likelihood of Endometriosis.

Sometimes the ovaries of women in the formation Endometriosis cysts (chocolate cysts) may occur and these can lead to serious problems if they are much larger. Chocolate cysts can be seen with ultrasound are not always accurate. Laparoscopy or open only the definitive diagnosis can be by surgery.

Laparoscopy, a procedure is useful in disease diagnosis, but also gives ideas on the severity of the disease. This process also doctor the best treatment plan for you that will help you prepare. Was diagnosed simultaneously the focus of the surgical treatment of Endometriosis can be applied.

Endometriozisin common symptoms are:

Painful One
Painful sexual intercourse
Pieces of abdominal pain before
Back pain
Big John is in pain.

These symptoms may be that all of the other reasons. Not see any other symptoms of the illness, but some pregnant women having endometriozise are rare.

How Endometriozis affect fertility?

To pregnant women who have difficulty seeing in endometriozis diseases are likely to increase. In some of these women, especially in advanced stages of disease who Endometriosis, fallopian tube damage caused in endometriozisin (womb channels) leads to congestion.

However, most affect women's fertility in endometriozisin why exactly is not known yet. Here are other theories on this matter. Endometriozis:

Affect the spawning occur in the ovary development and spawning damage.
Produces toxin kills sperm.
Hold to prevent the embryo in the womb.
Toxic effect on the embryo is

The channel causes congestion, sometimes Endometriosisin not a complete blockage to the sperm could allow the transition .. but the channel is partially destroyed by attaching the embryos may occur in ectopic pregnancy.

Endometriosisin treatment

The aim of treatment is applied primarily to resolve the pain and infertility, and conception is to provide eliminated. For this purpose, various medical and surgical treatments can be applied. In addition to medical treatment, cutting pain, endometriozisin östrojene (the female hormone) is based on the principle that a disease-dependent.

Pregnancy and prevent the formation of two endometriozis menopause is a natural state. Hormonal treatments aim to actually emulate the two natural cases. In both cases, the inner membrane of the uterus (endometrium) will be eliminated on the effect of estrogen has been placed in the wrong place in the endometrial tissue is expected to be printed. Of course, trying to resolve problems with medical treatment should be first, but if large chocolate cysts, or problems like pain that can not be resolved with medical treatment if surgical treatment should be considered.

Medical (medical) treatment

Light painkillers (paracetamol and various non-steroidal painkillers, etc.)
Hormone therapy (birth control pills v.b.)

Hormone therapy

Hormone therapy, by blocking the normal term, slow down or stop the formation endometriozis to apply. The simplest way to do this? Birth control pills? to use. Also, to be effective to reduce pain caused endometriozisten other hormone treatments are identified.
In recent years, is quite effective, but the person into a temporary menopause and therefore the ovary is called analog endometriozis disease baskılayan monthly or 3 monthly depot injections are available. Known to be very effective in pain resolved that the use of drugs more than 6 months, this period is more than inconvenient if you need to use some additional measures to be taken absolutely, especially the need to protect our bones.

It should be noted that none of the medical treatment of affected persons to improve the chances of conception do not have. In fact, the use of needles in stores that people enter into menopause already conception is not likely to see even one.

Some women with hormone therapy may cause some side effects. However, these side effects can usually handle is of type.

Surgical Treatment

Seriousness of the illness, the woman's infertility story, to conception, age, surgical treatment will determine the format. Unfortunately, even the woman's uterus to remove 30% of patients in pain can not make up. Usually the first surgery is quite effective, recurrence is less effective than the initiatives in this regard. Laparoscopy is performed with the most common surgical procedures around the cohesiveness of the ovary-tube-uterus is cut, endometriotik focus and the chocolate cyst of ovary removal, incineration, or is destroyed by laser.
And cut the nerves to the uterus to be burned (LUNA), a certain percentage is useful to resolve the pain.

Experienced in these matters and careful in Yumurtalık endometriomalar necessarily a surgeon should be removed by the descendants of dice. Contact us to have a child who previously had operations in Endometriosis-chocolate cysts pregnancy chances for women is not very high, even with test-tube baby treatment. This applied for women in previous operations or technical operations of the damage to the ovarian reserve that are frequently seen.

Therefore, in this very important issue to pregnancy. If the 3-4 cm diameter? Well, maybe if there are more small chocolate cyst them without ever touching the vaccination or test-tube baby treatment can increase a person's chance of pregnancy to be taken. In this regard, the other ovary, the patient's age and other factors need to be good by the surgeon.

Endometriosis in the treatment of the most important issue is whether the child is the desire ..!

If pregnancy is desired, and leave aside the medical and surgical treatment for pregnancy direct access to treatment is the most rational. Because medical (medical) and surgical treatment increases the chance of pregnancy has not been fully proven ..

Thus if the ovaries remain in the treatment of pregnant women have not put the size of a chocolate cyst, and the channels are open for a moment before the vaccination is known to the child (infertility) to access to treatment is needed.

If you mentioned your doctor if you have a çikulata cysts are primarily of interest should not be removed will be discussed with you.

Following surgical treatment, pregnancy does not occur spontaneously in the sperm and eggs and the uterus to be warned this chance can be increased by immunization. However, the advanced age of 35 and above endometriosiste and women or the cause of infertility may be some additional factors, such as problems in the presence of sperm directly into test-tube baby treatment should be quick to apply.

What is Varislere? Therapy?

2009-03-21T17:44:00.001-07:00

Her illness seriously and scientific methods, such as spider veins to be treated is a vascular disease.

Her illness seriously and scientific methods, such as spider veins to be treated is a vascular disease. Lung and heart move blood back to the heir of the vein to expand to a progressive isimdir.Yaptığı pain, cramps, and creates images of people unhappy that psychological statements. To work long hours during Varislere disease so difficult to remain standing in the modern era, the people is a gift. Intensive and long working conditions of daily life and still walk short distances, even the location of the area with cars and transport vehicles for people who reached a disease successor became more common. 25? 35% in the age group of 30 - by 35%, 55? 65 age group is 50? Can be seen at a rate of 60. A large part of the heir of the patient with leg pain for years, but begin to live when the treatment need. at the first occurrence of the successor to the aesthetic concerns of physicians, even in patients who müracat is called deep vein incompetence for venous disease may have started. Varislere with and try to live the greatest disadvantage of the people who get into this situation over time as you need a treatment more difficult.

Varislere and the other collects the most important factors in disease predisposition heredity is from the family. Mother, father and other relatives in the first degree as successor a person if you stay long standing or permanent resident as hard a job, you smoke, you are fat, excessive exposure to heat, the women have a pregnancy and birth should be aware that he's heir disease is inevitable.

Spider veins and venous insufficiency in the treatment of disease is delayed as a result of the illness of serious side effects can be seen that these feet and legs and not running sores, called thromboflebitis intravenous and inflammation are the most serious consequences of venous thrombozlar results in lung, heart goes to the clot that sometimes, even death may result.

Diagnosis of spider veins and venous insufficiency in vascular system after the Doppler ultrasound examination and radiological examinations are necessary venografi name will be placed with.

As a result of these examinations for the degree of progress of disease by lowering the venous pressure drugs, surgical stocking, skleroterapi name given to the intravenous injection, laser, and the veins clot necessary successor to the operation through the implementation of treatment is possible. In recent years the use in the treatment of disease began to apply laser treatment of varicosity recent scientific studies with surgery still apply müdahelelerin of the successor operation is the final and permanent solution is.

Valve in the main vein of the disorder and to increase the pressure, starting with heir illness on the appearance of the skin and thin curly heir capillary vessels in the form of violet and visible parts, such as iceberg, so the source of the problem are deep-vein. Therefore next year for serious health problems that may occur in the treatment of neglected diseases is the successor person's life is very important in terms of comfort. Varislere in the treatment of simple rules is this: how much is new Varislere treatment is so easy.

Change of safe breast cancer!

2009-03-21T17:40:00.001-07:00

Weight control, exercise, medications that contain hormones, such as less use of simple methods for the risk of breast cancer can be greatly reduced.

UK Cancer Research Foundation by the results of an investigation, made some lifestyle changes, one of every 10 breast cancer cases revealed that önlenebileceğini. According to experts, the use of women in menopause period, the reduction of the extra hormones, weight control, ensuring the reduction of alcohol use, breastfeeding and exercise to increase the rate only in the UK in 5800 breast cancer cases less than the emergence of the will.

Control of women on a regular basis is also important that the experts do, increases in breast cancer cases were pointed out time. The research team president Prof. Dr. Max Park, changing lifestyle of women in in 2024 with 58,000 new breast cancer cases wait for the emergence of that, this year to make lifestyle changes in this figure of 10 per cent decrease, he said.

Herbal term solution to the pains

2009-03-21T17:24:00.001-07:00

Celebrities expert Prof Plant women Dr.İbrahim Saraçoğlu term against the painful effects of plants to benefit them would suggest.

Celebrities expert Prof Plant women Dr.İbrahim Saraçoğlu term against the painful effects of plants to benefit them would suggest. So in this period in which plants or plant works?
Women who take the pains and pain in one particular period in each month of this period with horror and unbearable pains bekliyor.Bazen into pieces at this point, the solution alabiliyor.işte comes from nature.

Painful and painful passing of Prof. Dr.İbrahim Saraçoğlu term against women yarrow plant to start three days within the period öneriyor.Bu per application is continued until the end of the curing. Term cure is applied as follows:

A sprinkle yarrow (around five grams) to half a liter of boiling water is thrown into. Mouth closed as light (dimmer) on fire after 3 minutes, cooled by dem is filtered. Within three days to the start of term and the daily morning into the evening by a glass of water is consumed. Every day fresh until the end of the preparation gerekiyor.ayrıca One of her menstrual period, this cure must be applied five-six months.

Piece pains are very severe, that if one application before starting a week before the curing.

One of 3 women osteoporosis patients

2009-03-21T17:23:00.001-07:00

Tetra Pak Inc. with the support of the Ministry of Health, Turkey Endocrinology and Metabolism Society, and launched the campaign in cooperation with Hacettepe University, Turkey? public awareness about the disease to osteoporosis and the formation of this disease Tetra Pak Inc. with the support of the Ministry of Health, Turkey Endocrinology and Metabolism Society, and launched the campaign in cooperation with Hacettepe University, Turkey? public awareness about the disease to osteoporosis and to prevent formation of this disease are aimed at?

Health care in the 11 provinces, the campaign carried out by health personnel in Turkey to reach 2.5 million people are targeted.

This project targets, Turkey? De osteoporosis (bone to dissolve) the prevention of disease? Because of the 8 million osteoporosis patients in Turkey, every 3 women and 1 of every 5 men? I osteoporosis patients?

There are over 8 million osteoporosis patients

Osteoporozun for women 40? Lı years, especially after the menopause and 40 years in the period from the point of view then for men underlining Endocrinology and Metabolism Department of the Hacettepe University Faculty Member Prof.. Dr. Miyase Bayraktar, in Turkey in the number of osteoporosis patients is between 8 to 10 million means.

The average of every 3 women, 1? In view of this disease Prof. attention. Bayraktar, issues relating to the following description continued:

Affect the quality of life

? Osteoporosis primarily affects your quality of life. Start of the pain, change in body form, movement, and experienced shortness of fractures can make you addicted and can not live alone. A modeling study of the 50-year-old woman's life is 17 percent the risk of breaking hip show. Broke the women's thighs 1 / 4? ü not stand up any more at all. Start with our campaign, we aim to pass in front of this negativity.?

Healthy nutrition important

Hacettepe University Department of Nutrition and Professor Diyetetik. Dr. On issues relating to the description Tanju besler was addressed these issues:? This disease is on the age you are diversion. Received from the beginning stages of childhood illness, especially associated with nutrition and a healthy amount of calcium

In this case, the calcium-containing nearly the entire body and thus can be used by the best source of calcium is also in terms of bone health is very important a lot of healthy foods containing milk and milk products osteoporozun prevention is important.

new invention in breast cancer

2009-03-21T17:22:00.002-07:00

Breast cancer patients will rejoice in the scientific world a new invention came about.

Mount Sinai Hospital in Toronto of Canada within the Samuel Lunenfeld Research scientists Dr Entitüsü. Method developed by Marc Wrana, breast cancer rates 80 percent in the final treatment of the disease is expressed.

Dr. The last issue published in Journal Nature Wrana'nın Marc Biotechnology'nin according to the scientific article, DyNeMo (Dynamic Network Modularity) method is called, the body of cancer cells in breast cancer is determined in advance of the wound area is to be distracted.

New technology, the structure of each patient's cancerous tumor and determine the direction of the dispersion, suspension of these cells can be provided. Article, the new method so far, with 350 female patients with breast cancer follow-up of the tumor was performed indicating Dr. Marc Wrana, "Every tumor has separate organizations have identified a protein network. So, what kind of treatment over the course of an intervention in which the network can do more easily now and I'll be able to decide quickly. This, at a rate of 80 per cent of the illness means definitive treatment, "he wrote.

Cancer research in various places of the world's DyNeMo method centers on a network can be used to indicate common Wrana, "thus, more experience on several cases of disease to be eliminated can use" was recorded.

Stages of menopause ...

2009-03-21T17:22:00.001-07:00

Premenopoz (before menopause)

This definition is still often possible to fertility, each year for the regular channel of the previous year includes kullanılır.Yaşam changes.

Perimenopoz (during menopause)

In general, around the age of forty are still emerging menstruate regularly, menopause is the first phase. This period, once in the poll, will take between two to ten years. Showing similarities with the women at this stage of puberty the body and peace are not comfortable with. Strange things happen. Piece severe bleeding of one month, the next months may be very little. Much longer term, then you can shorten. May be sudden blush and aura. May decrease sexual desire, insomnia or anorexia can be seen. In general, the body out of the natural order.

Downturn is a phase. This period have entered menopause, hormone therapy and other reinforcements on the possible options is time to your instructor, is. This alerts the body's very important that we have come to a decision stage shows.

Menopause

A year after the last one you see bleeding starts. After experiencing all the stages, but it also can be sure. Therefore,? Officially? enter into menopause, and suggest you keep a calendar to be sure not.

Postmenopoz (after menopause)

Finally after a year of each channel to be seen? Menopause? I characterized by the following year, it is also known as postmenopoz.

Early menopause!

2009-03-21T17:20:00.001-07:00

Sudden stress or a long period of time remaining under stress early menopause in women can be seen. Stress reduces the function of ovaries and thirties at any time since the end of the causes temporary menopause. Although a new phenomenon for us, even if our generation, today's woman for reasons such as sexual harassment and ambition for advancement, work is work under pressure. All of these other, our generation has to live with the environment and against toxic waste is also very sensitive. Always want more life, the woman of the nineties the power consumed by long-term stress is the breast.

Chemotherapy also is one of the causes of early menopause. After you see this treatment of women are beginning to see one again, but the vast majority can not get rid of premature menopause. Your doctor before treatment has not spoken about this possibility, a very uncomfortable situation.

Surgical intervention of the ovaries and uterus to be fully is the most common cause of early menopause. Cancer, tumors, and inflammation and thus has lost the function of ovaries by surgery is taken. Menopause is the time to buy is also the two ovaries. One ovary or ovaries also like a part of the two ovaries and eggs varmışcasına may continue to secrete hormones.

Laser eye''method''to draw attention to

2009-03-04T17:32:00.000-08:00

Gazi University Medical Faculty Department of Eye Diseases Faculty Prof. Dr. Kamil Bilgihan, popularly know as''the''is''to draw laserle lasik eye''method gave information about the mind.

Prof. Dr. Bilgihan, correction of defects laserle breaking application in Turkey in recent years, a frequently applied treatment modality has become, today, both public and private health organizations to apply laser treatment of many people, a good vision without glasses level can meet, he said.

In Turkey, laser applications, the most preferred method is the method that the''Prof.''Lasik. Dr. Bilgihan, however, discovered in recent years,''with''konfokal microscope investigations on the contrary supposition, lasik method applied, and in cells of patients with persistent corneal nerve damage occurred in the potential of said.

Prof. Dr. Bilgihan,''of the period after the surgery is painless and very quick fix to see the most important advantages of this method to be considered as''I spoke to was.

Today, tens of thousands have Lasik surgery and Lasik method adopted pioneer Dr. Investigate other methods that emphasize even Pallikaris'in Prof. Dr. Bilgihan, the method was explained in the application:

In the top section of the corneal epithelium name''that, with a thickness of about 50 microns and self-renewal must be removed before the laser is a layer. Lasik method is called the microkeratome device using 120-130 micron thick layer of the cornea is removed. This device tracks and more damage to the cornea inceyeayarlandıklarında. So, under the epithelium uygulanırken Lasik 70-80 microns thick, is removed in one piece and want During this process a very large part of the cornea of the sensory nerves are cut.''

Lasik surgery because of the failure of nerve fibers in the patient's pain after surgery to have, but the nerve cut indicating good Prof. zamaniçinde completely. Dr. Bilgihan, a significant portion of these patients have a dry eye in the light of the complaints revealed that many were saved.

Lasik'in, the fear of side effects of the late period after surgery in the middle of the corneal melt (ektazi) stated that the Bilgihan, said:

''This will take the patient to corneal transplantation, and are observed more frequently applied to high-grade myopic. Exactly the reason open, with konfokal microscope examinations Lasik laser is applied, especially for patients with corneal cells in regions of up to 40 percent reduction in rates that has revealed. Corneal melting in the development levels decrease over time to see patients and glasses numbers are rising gradually. Besides, the clinical research in patients after Lasik complaints of night vision and contrast to see much more than other methods of reduction that has been identified as.''

Laser eye surgery

2009-03-04T17:29:00.000-08:00

Laser application, where did you learn?

Excimer Laser shaping of the cornea in an article the first time in 1986 that it issued the American Professor. Stefan Trokel'dir.

We've worked with Stefan and Trokel did with the first surgery.

We've invited him to Turkey, and 2 times in a conference with the Turkish doctors have given to the Swiss Hotel.

Moreover, this laser surgery in 1991 about 15 years since the international meeting I attended almost all of them.

Once again, please do laser eye defects?

Between the ages of 6 and 18 defects in the eye as a great change. 18 years after the change is very small and slow. Structured treatment does not stop this change. PRK is the first laser treatment method is back in the patients was 10%. Now back with new methods of treatment, the level can be neglected.

Wavefront, such as LASIK eye surgery is relatively new. You can create side effects of surgery in the future is that? And how about this?

Laser treatment is applied worldwide for 15 years, the world's most common surgery is made. And the world's most successful, patient satisfaction is the highest surgical methods:

We know all the side effects and adverse effects of patient selection, the treatment is done in good shape at very low levels. Side effects will occur in the future, I do not think different. But perhaps the new technologies, new treatment methods will be developed. Laser treatment of genetic therapy, but I think that will help to prevent.

Until now, few have done laser application?

Clinics with our friends in total 120,000, of more than 50,000 individual as we have managed to perform laser application.

I am so afraid to be excited by laser.

Laser therapy, a drop of eye drops does not require general anesthesia and the treatment period by a maximum of 10 minutes treatment.

All phases of the laser to tell patients. Physicians who rely on and believe that the patient's fever is reduced automatically. Sedative drugs and excitement rarely give a corrector. Until now, because of fear and excitement of a patient who did not give up surgery

What is the success rate of the laser do?

Success is a relative concept. Patient satisfaction is expressed by our patients less grouchy. Meet the expectations of patients and does not meet that depends. However, we success + - 0:50 + or - to stay within 1 diopter test as expressed in ederiz. By 99% to 90% degree of success Miyopinin between changes.

Lasik treatment method, which improved after treatment and how long will it take to have pain?

Lasik treatment is not painful, but after 3 - 4 hours of watering can be burning and sinking.

2 days old in the treatment of PRK is the pain was too severe.

A new method in the 3-day decline Lasek treatment, mild degree of pain, watering and burning complaints are

Which do you use a laser and camera
What is it?

We developed the world's Turkey Hospital eye clinic, the best use two different lasers.

One "Ziess" company that developed the model in 2005 MEL-80, one of America's largest companies VİSX, Corporation. Moreover, the Intralase laser. Technology received the Nobel prize Buda is an American laser.

Laser application in Turkey, where doctors are learning?

In this regard, Turkey is in the hospital, prepared with the Excimer Laser surgery with peer application describes considerations to be aware yöntemeleri "Lasik" Our books, all read by colleagues and published in English is the only reference book. Theoretical information in this book provides up-to-date and efficient as, application and practice is described. Many books are written in foreign languages are available.

The meeting of the Association of Ophthalmology of the important topics of laser treatment. Also in this issue of Turkey Hospital eye clinic developed hundreds of practical knowledge of our physicians are clinical reference.

Is that a result can be guaranteed for?

There is no warranty that any medical treatment. I can not say 1 hour after yaşacağınızı. However, you can give statistical information. Therapy can provide information about your possible side-effects. Therapy can provide information about the results.

Laser surgery is the price difference is there is an effect on the quality of the surgery?

Laser surgery is the key factor of success 3.
1. new technology
2. the best use of this technology in terms of
3. 1 physician trained in this area

They have a cost. And this cost is a significant cost. All organs of the body is precious. But gözün place is completely different. Will use this precious life of an organ can not be considered in the treatment of tassaruf. Therefore I can not understand the cheap treatment

Laser treatment in Turkey is the doyen Who?

Excimer Laser treatment clinic in Turkey, we started our first (Turkey Hospital eye clinic). Dr. And Dr Sinan Göker. And simultaneously the common clinical Bozkurt Sener Dr. Moved to treatment in their own clinical Emrullah is of the first start. And yet these friends (which would include kendimizide) Laser treatment is among the doyen.

Technology and new devices are constantly renewed. Starting out in practice. Is it enough yet to try this device may not have been?

Sure can. Very true. But we are not a proven international quality equipment and treatment methods do not strictly apply.

How many have your clinical doctoral education?

More than 100 eye doctors have shared our information with our friends.

What is Wavefront? Is that a different method is surgery?

Wavefront is a surgical method, an application form. Cornea of the eye, not the breaking point as hundreds of defects in bulk single laser le is measured from the point, is the map. This is a topographer.

Accordingly, a special treatment is done, and people. In this way, with visual disturbances or image to be hair (aberration) is treated to obtain a better quality vision. Often this vision, the spectacle is to see more clearly. Therefore this treatment kartal eagle eye treatment or eye de (eagle eye) is called.

What is called Intralase laser treatment?

Lasik in the treatment of 1st 160 microns thickness, similar to stage a flap in the creation of contact lenses, 2 Excimer Laser treatment is the stage of le defects.

This flap job creation (ie the cornea of the eye to remove the contact lenses in the form of action) with a device called microkeratome is a mechanical process. For this, special knives are used. The quality of the knife is extremely important. Because the highly sensitive job is a job. Deposited 90% of the side effects of Lasik mikrokeratomla occurs during layer to remove.

Very advanced device with a standard microkeratome to create a treatment. Removal of the layer, the flap thickness, diameter, it is desirable standards. Flat cornea, the steep cornea, the thinner the cornea, there are difficulties. Intralase is a new technology. Ministry of Health of USA (FDA) has received a license in 2004, a 0 in the flap preparation had side effects. Any risk can be applied easily. In diameter and thickness desired in the flap can be obtained. Extremely reliable, a new and modern look yöntemdir.bütün been advised of the defects just mentioned diopter of 40 (degrees) below the flat cornea in the steep 47 diopter on the cornea, the farsighted and always should be used in mixed astigmatism. Great, but unfortunately is an expensive treatment method.

Does laser treatment in the U.S.?

We all have to apply methods of treatment with the approval of the U.S. Department of Health is being implemented in the U.S..

How far can correct myopic?

Excimer laser with 12 degree miyopiyi method
It is possible to correct higher-eye can be corrected, but additional actions are required kusurlarıda.

What if my eyes played during the treatment?

Patient, "or if I play my eyes," he is concerned. Patients do not need the help. Eyes can play as many times as you want. Technology is no longer minimize the risk. During surgery, electricity is cut off, as the earthquake, the system is almost self-locking, then we go on "

Is that all you can do laser eye doctor?

Eye is a great booze. It's exactly all it is not possible to grasp a single physician. Between the eye itself is divided into many branches. If an eye doctor is not possible to do the laser surgery. In this regard, the theoretical and practical training is a must.

The following sections of Ertuðrul Pearl Laser treatment in Turkey with Newspapers
ropörtajından were related.
Click for full Ropörtaj ...

The following sections of Ertuðrul Pearl Laser treatment in Turkey with Newspapers
ropörtajından were related.
Click for full Ropörtaj ...

Who can be operated with the laser, can be treated?

There are three group patients.
First, medically necessary for the disease in two if there are defects of the eye between the eyes.
0 of 4 is one of numbers. You can not balance with the glasses.

5-6 numbers out over the treatment of eye defects is required, because to remove the glasses can not walk in the house. Such patients should be operated. Eye of the illness, stains remain, patients should be treated.

In the second group, "social indication" that the phrase is. For any reason they can not do with the profession of glasses are they. Athletes, soldiers, pilots, divers say.

Most of patients' psychological indication "he is the group that, for some reason aesthetic concerns olanlarHerhangi do not want to wear glasses. Bored, and is a headache. Write to the dust, says tired of winter and the mist on my face is not worthy, my nose is also another way to disrupt "

Did you know the way this treatment been applied to everyone ... I've heard from an easy application, Is it really so ...

Various ways and all kinds of laser can treat eye defects.

Patients must have completed 18 years of age. No upper age limit. You can apply up to the age of 60-70.

Another eye disease, dry eye in an advanced level, such as rheumatic diseases do not have eyes.

Contact lenses are used according to the type of lens should be a minimum of 7 days previously issued. After that, the decision of the physician. The treatment is extremely simple.

Ten minutes would be a two-eye surgery, 2-3 hours is starting to see enough to drive a car. To work the next day, you can go home.

Almost all of the treatment of eye defects Laserle may have become. Nearsighted, you have astigmatism, you are farsighted, you mixed astigmatism. One problem seems to be emerging after 45 years of near vision problems. I need to work a little more for the treatment of old age hipermetropisinin

As sensitive as a body of work in the eyes without thinking, people can not share the risk. This method Is it safe?

If there is a small risk of treatment if patients do not.

Alternative treatments are directed to.

To do this the application infrastructure, information and skills is required. Disease is well-known and need to decide right. If you make one of these mistakes will cause damage to the patient.
Is a permanent loss

How this operation the patient is being prepared ... Is that local anesthesia is applied?

Oral anesthesia are doing. Patients are coming in too afraid, will not be any pain, the risk does not explain the relief.

Half of the work is itself already Doktora trust. Eye drops that are a drop. If you're scared you sedate.

Patient, "or if I play my eyes," he is concerned. Patients do not need the help. Eyes can play as many times as you want. Technology is no longer minimize the risk. During surgery, electricity is cut off, as the earthquake, the system is almost self-locking, then we go on

For many years, people with thick glasses after the surgery are living what ...

Patients are confused after surgery. After surgery "is history" he can not believe is over.

Will see around a little myopic, grew by around after surgery, the astonishment and joy is. Who wear glasses, glasses for a long time to wake up the morning they are told.

Treatment is not appropriate to say is that among patients who cry ...

Patients will know how the quality and selection of hospitals to do so ...

Team work with experienced clinics are required to choose.
Reduce profit margins in a competitive environment but to a certain figure in the bottom of the renewal, you do technology, you can not use enough material.

Laser surgery is not cheap!

Consumables used in the eye of each patient has a cost that is available. Now this turned into an economic race. Prices below the cost of that equipment is operated. It is necessary to warn patients. Supplies to be used for an eye, the three eyes, four eyes, five, you can apply on the eye.

In the end, "I'll get rid of glasses" we would see a decrease in your quality.

There are many eye hospital in Turkey. And these new ones are added. As a profitable patients do not have too much you see?

Approximately 40 percent of society have eyes flaw. Maybe the future will be possible to prevent genetic, but as for now the fourth child born on the vision impairment is available. I used to wear glasses or contact lenses have to be treated by. More or less do not have eyes, nobody is defects. Great changes and developments have Gözde.
Laser surgery to have started in the hospital and in 1992 Turkey became a huge demand. Eye hospital in the opening of the success of Turkey in the hospital I think is effective. This progress towards European Union, which Turkey is a good development. Competition is the motor power of each development. Competition, but it is ethical.

To make a business, scientific background information, to track developments, should be able to manage complications. By ignoring these factors, "we'll do the job" and only machine and receive the ad by making believe that desirable health services can not be granted.

You have mentioned a very fast development. Who in the world on this front ...

All of the countries of the world have contributed to the development of this business.

The world's information is collected at a location, right in front of America in this business. But before we began this treatment in America. I believe that our experience of them more than us. Because the Ministry of Health much more conservative in America.

This treatment control and follow-up was five years. We began in 1992 with European countries for treatment, was started in America in 1998.

Wavefront method is now point "super vision" to provide. We also have eagle eyes. Eliminate defects in the eye is seeing very high levels of interest and can see the ratings ..

The following section Ferhan Kaya Poroy / Oya's Mail newspaper for Özdilek with the laser treatment has been iglili ropörtajlarından.
Click for full Ropörtaj

The following section Ferhan Kaya Poroy / Oya's Mail newspaper for Özdilek with the laser treatment has been iglili ropörtajlarından.
Click for full Ropörtaj

Is it possible to get rid of the glasses with the surgery?

Dr. TOP: We as a commercial establishment, but would act as a health kurulşu.

Who wants to get rid of glasses, of course, we all do not do surgery.

In this type of surgery, we observed that patients who need urgent surgery will not apply. The person's request, a moment ago to get rid of glasses.

Careful at this stage what the doctor and the patient's life and thought of the next period, a decision should not harm him. "Refraction surgery" for surgical operations to eliminate defects in the eye doctor is a very important initiative.

Who may be surgery?

Dr. PER: First, patients need to be carefully examined. Retina of the eye is checked. Do you have been in the retina, has torn right, do you have holes in their examinations are made. The cornea in the eyes of the transparent layer is removed topogrfaik methods map. Do you have a favorite slimming, tears Does the system work correctly, do you have dry, they will look carefully. After making all kinds of research which is the second stage. A person's eye-zero, the other eye is number 7, that person must necessarily be an operation. Because there are large differences between the two eyes and this person is disturbing.

Others require surgery to be a reason is the social factor. An example is used as eye glasses because of defects in the profession can give. For example, developers ample basket, divers can not work with glasses. Another group who should have surgery Mutlaka the glasses because of the psychological disorders are heard. People can not adapt to eyeglasses. Glasses or earthquake If you think the offensive stopped, my glasses are broken, such as having concerns.

Psychological or social reasons in the decision to have surgery patients with later stages of what will?

Dr. PER: At this stage the patient is suitable for surgery and the percentage of risk is determined. For example, patients have a defect in the eye, but the 10 numbers, 5 numbers, but there is no risk to be minimized. Been observed on the 5 to numbers more increases the risk. In such a case, we "are not suitable for this treatment" they are called. A patient's retina, for example, if you do not have a slimming. In this way, many patients have to be upset. But we would warn their patients.

A person should not be operated if surgery reveals what problems?

Dr. TOP: The first stage occurs at a bad result, but then started to see deterioration in the quality.
If you have holes in the retina, a greater than two years later, tears may occur. Corneal been more then, the patient may be forced to make eye transplant surgery.

This operation is not necessarily to be done for patients at risk in any way should not encroach.

Under the decision of the examination before the surgery how long is?

Dr. PER: takes about two hours: that in all the tests and doctor's examination is included.

A specific age limit for this type of surgery there?

Dr. PER: 18 years of age must have completed an upper limit, but things are even yok.80 year-old patient.

The reason for the lower limit, in particular showing an increase until the age of 18 is myopic. However, the progress of 18 is quite low.

This operation Is there a risk of losing the eye?

Dr. TOP: This is not a risk would be blind in the operation.

Although it can not even ask the doctor can say.

This operation increased the risks are two important elements. First surgery the doctor's knowledge level. The business must be well aware and experienced. The second of used equipment and maintenance of modern equipment should be made. This part of the device must be changed in certain period of time. But institutions do not give importance to it, with a longer duration of surgery will decrease the quality of her work gets done. This can not evaluate the quality of the patient. Therefore, the job security is very important. Patient and physician to establish a trust will do the job must be.

What is a preparation before surgery?

Dr. PER: First, patients wear contact lenses are soft lenses 7, semi-soft lenses for 15 days previously issued want hotfix.

Because lens and cornea of the water, the amount of cash during surgery can remove the problem. Therefore, patients are recommended during this time the nickname glasses.

Patients with the course of disease, it is informative 10-15 minute speech. Decision to again leave the surgery patients. Surgery as patients in the clinical encounter, we can tell all kinds of things.

What is going on in the surgery?

Patients are taken to the operating room. Hair is inserted into a bone. And are given slippers or shoes with a sterile rubbers having apron. Patients are coming on foot and will be operated above lies back on the table.

This is different from a classical operating environment. Patients want to look into a laser light spot. We're starting a special tool and review process would remove a small part. First, we do have a look, takes two minutes. Patients do not feel no pain. Too shy to make the patient calm and quiet give diazem types. Patients look into the water table up like when you see blurry, when viewed from the outside is flush.

Eye defects which are treated with this surgery? Do you nearsighted farsighted, or astigmatism?

Dr. PER: in 1992 alone treatment was shortsighted. Then become myopic astigmatism was also treated. Hypermetropia in 1997, then began to treat the hypermetropic astigmatism.

These days 95 percent of people with eye defects are treated. Using Excimer Laser - +12 degree myopia, 6 degree astigmaztizma, + 6 can be treated hipermetropiyi degree. May require additional methods to higher defects. The same is valid for all time.

Then see how long it is clear?

Dr. PER: 3-4 hours later to see the percentage of patients can reach 70 and get a car to use until the visibility can be.

Is diabetes the surgery is done?

Dr. PER: Sugar is needed in patients with a little more careful. Because the risk of infection with the control of sugar should be the opener. Carefully controlled and can be treated in a way from them.

periodic

I've seen none of this operation myopic eye doctors apply their, all glasses are used.

9 look doctor's surgery is klinigimizde our friends know. Personally, I've realized surgery doctors have friends. These doctors also look hereby would like to point out olduklarini Laser surgery.

Why doctors use eye glasses glasses to ask them "for future treatment of cataract is interfering in the" type of answers they give. I believe ordinary citizens as well in case I had to, in the end, the subject will know better than I am not an eye doctor. However, the scientific as you are for your page was satisfactory. What is your comment on this subject?

Laser surgery gozlerinde ones in the future olusmasi likely, their cataract surgery if the problem yasayacaklari dogrudur results.

Cataract within mercegin look anything dedigimiz and opaklasmasidir disturbance. We failed ameliyatlarinda cataract lenses mercegi cikarip artificial yerlestiriryoruz instead. The corneal front surface mercegin determined Yerlestirdigimiz number caplarindan are exploited. However, laser surgery on a patient to become the front surface bahsettigimiz cornea degismektedir in diameter. This causes some errors in yerlestirilen artificial olusabiliyor number mercegin.

I would like to point out that the new calculation methods and new technologies developed from this problem completely kaldirmistir. However, we do olcumleri will appreciate that the devices are quite expensive and this device with Turkey sartlarinda her look doctors olamiyor. Specialized centers in major ameliyatlari laser now has a more common way kullanilacagini hope future devices. Make your own devices for 5 years is used klinigimizde bahsettigim measurement instruments available, and 2.

This baglamda, artik laser
cataract surgery patients gecirmis problem yasamamaktadirlar a ameliyatlarinda

periodic

LASIK eye doctor on operations (to you) Do you know there are problems and we do not know us?

I would liken nacizane Lasik operation elektirige we use at home. What if you know where and how the electric kullanacaginizi house isitabilir, no danger at home and having the machines do not calistirabilirsinzi.

Eliminate defects in more than 10 different Laserle eye surgery procedures available. What is important here is the implementation of the eye but not the method kararidir.

If you decide right here, no damage is observed. I also want soylemek presented that all the other countries of the world, including Lasik is the very beginning ameliyatlarin applied.

Night vision after laser eye surgery is not properly hear from many people. When asked in an eye doctor is correct that, at night around the light source of the water olcağını, said it is impossible to fix. Does it correct?

Eyeball diameter than the treatment of the region made little significant problem in view of the night out.

It is possible to correct for.

But such a treatment method to apply the complaints should not occur. If the treatment or alanine zonunu from pupilla problem that you mentioned look bebeginden wider tutarsaniz absolutely uninhabitable.

Here you decide the level of knowledge and experience of the physician is important

question44 search

My doctor after laser surgery between -1.00 and -0.50 would be a return, he said. What are your opinions?

Yes, that possibility is available. However, in 5 of 100 patients can be. In such cases, even bold face is always possible duzeltilmesinin soylemek I would.

My eyes were said to be suitable method of Lasek. But the process of improvement will be very painful and will take a long time has been specified, and frankly I did not want a little bit scared.

Lasek method of applying the 11 different ways. Patients are given a good secilirse excellent results. My intent secilmesinden good patient, to be certain conditions that patients should have yontemin is efficient.

Healing process can be very painful, but in part 1 weeks time and see may be normal. But Açisindan results, as already indicated, the patient made a good choice and a very good method Methods uygulanirsa good stop.

between 47

Is there a big difference between and Intralase Lasek is it?

With Intralase Lasek quite different things. Mukayase to them is not the right Esasinda.

I have read in my head confused about astigmatism. Laser surgery is appropriate for astigmatism and could not understand. An upper limit such as 5 or 6 numbers are mentioned. Astigmatism-specific
techniques that we have mentioned. Can I get information on this topic.

6 degree possible to treat astigmatism. Higher degrees may be treated, but the laser must be added to the surgical yontemler. Very high astigmatism may accompany different diseases. These are detailed in cikarilir control.

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The difference between the phases of the flap with the Intralase Lasik that we consider, lasik, Intralase technique behind by too
After the success of operations, we do not think has been almost no difference can not we?

First, I would like to point out that, Intralase Lasik operations dedigimiz operations is at the same time.

As you have mentioned, 2 types of devices used kaldirilirken Lasik flap operasyonlarinda.

Someone manually microkeratom other a laser'li microkeratom used, which means that we intralase.

The same operations, ie operations lasik operation but during the operation as one of the most important asamalarindan devices used flap'in kaldirilmasinda different. A special device used for manually microkeratomlar. However, some eyes microkeratom used manually used olusabilmekteydi risk.

Boyle gozlerin use Intralase inevitable.

The flap is cut and precise as cutting Laserle further azaliyor risk. But the cost difference between them will appreciate it for everyone with intralase olamiyor surgery.

Laser surgery will be done during the process because I want to be sleeping with local anesthesia instead aneztezi. Is it possible that I wonder? If not why?

Possible, of course, but the action under anesthesia for the trouble you take after anesthesia, anesthesia-free surgery than your eyes will be irritating.

Of more than 50,000 of these operations gerceklestirdim. The patients like you want to receive anesthesia oldu.

All very comfortable way of operation gecirdiler have already been satisfied. He, therefore, be comfortable.

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Intralase (intralasik) technology was applied every patient right?

All patients also go unused because the Intralase, artiriyor so the cost of lasik surgery.

Patient financial condition, opinions and expectations of the overall risk durumlarina place for handling microkeratomları kulanmaktayız intralase. This bahsettiginiz üzre with pain, yes intralase kullanilamamaktadir in every case, but from any angle is an excellent and very high teknolojidir.Bir Femtosecond laser is a laser that is, a second shot at a third of 10 to 13. Received the Nobel prize is a technology. Therefore you may safely intralase lasik. .

Do some patients being implemented as required Intralase?

In some cases been used as mandatory Intralase'in is correct. Because (eg thin Kornea'larda) risk ratio is much higher for us instead of the normal microkeratom, due to demand excellence intralase'i prefer that keratomu laser.

periodic

Wondering what to do with surgery wavefront technology
ediyorum. In Turkey, for this operation * Wavelight Allegretto
* VISX
* Zeiss 80 devices are preferred mel. 3 give information about this device?

Which is the newer, more secure, more
without risk, is used more often?

3 Would this device are comparable?

And the world, most American construction Visx the device being used.

FDA'in all approvals are available. Eye tracking and recognition systems and iris making the wrong treatment or incorrect treatment of risk has been removed. We used this equipment is 13 years. 4 defa üst modelleri ile değiştirdik hepsinde de memnun kaldık.

İkinci cihaz ihtiyacımız için farklı bir marka olsun istedik bu nedenle Zeiss'in mel-80 dedigimiz son modelini aldık, bunuda kullanmaktayiz. Bu Alman yapımı bir cihazdır. Mel- 80 inde Wavefront tedavisi vardır fakat henüz FDA onayı almamıştır.

Zeiss tan ayrılan bir kısım mühendisler Allegretto yu üretmişlerdir. Çalışma sistemi mel-80 ' e benzemektedir.

Hangi lazer daha iyidir sorusuna cevap vermek oldukça güç benim icin. Hepsi de üstün teknolojidir ve hepsinin bir takım teknik konularda üstünlükleri vardır. Örneğin, küçük miyop ve miyop astigmat vakalarında hepsi iyidir ancak hipermetrop ve yüksek miyop astigmatlarda Visx in sonucları daha iyi.

Biz vakalarımızn %75 inde Visx s-4 ü, %25 inde mel-80 i kullanmaktayiz.

Intralase yöntemi ne kadar süredir Türkiye'de uygulanıyor? Sizin bu konudaki tecrübeniz nedir?

Intralase'in gelişimini 5 yıldır takip ediyor idim. Intralase 3 sene önce Amerikan Sağlık Bakanlığı olarak nitelendirebileceğimiz FDA onayını aldı. Ben ise Nobel Ödüllü Intralase laserini 18 aydır uygulamaktayım. Türkiye'de bu cihaz ilk kez bizim kliniğimizde, ben ve arkadaşlarım tarafından kullanılmıştır.

ara

ara

İnsanların, sadece Türkiye de değil tüm dünyada, hala deney tahtası gibi kullanıldığı düşünülüyor. Bu konuda ne düşünüyorsunuz?

Gelişmiş ülkelerde araştırma ve geliştirme çalışmalarının insanlar üzerinde uygulanması çok sıkı prosedürlere bağlıdır.

Ancak gelişmemiş ve gelişmekte olan ülkelerde insanın çokta değerli kabul edilmediğini biliyoruz.

Bu bahsettiğiniz durum söz konusu olabilir. Fakat bizim uygulamakta olduğumuz laser tedavileri ile ilgili böyle bir durum söz konusu bile olamaz, kullandığımız cihazlar yalnızca Amerika da onayından geçmiş cihazlar değildir. Avrupa Birliği ülkeleri, Japonya, İngiltere gibi gelişmiş ülkelerde de onaylanmıştır ve güvenle kullanılmaktadır.

Intralase yönteminin komplikasyon riskini çok aza indirdiği söyleniyor ancak bu oran nedir 1/1000 mi ,1/10000 mi ,daha mı fazla ,daha mı az? İstatistikler ne diyor?

Lasik ameliyatlarında komplikasyonların %80'i corneal flap oluşumu esnasında olmaktadır.

Intralase bu komplikasyonları önemli derecede azaltmıştır.

Komplikasyon oranı, çalışmayı yapan hekime ve çalışmanın şekline göre değişir.

Microkeratomla gördüğümüz komplikasyonların büyük bir kısmını Intralase de görmüyoruz ancak bu ameliyatın diğer komplikasyonları olarak kabul edebileceğimiz, enfeksiyon, flap altında yabancı cisim kalması, flapte kırışıklık vs gibi komplikasyonlar olabilmektedir, Intralase bunu engellemez.

ara

İster Intralase yöntemi ister Klasik Lasik yöntemi uygulansın her iki yöntemde de "korneal flep" oluşturma yani gözün kornea kısmının kesilmesi söz konusu.

Bu kesme işleminde bir şeylerin hatalı yapılması ,bıçağın yada laser ışınlarının milimlik kayması, derine inmesi,alt tabakaya zarar vermesi gibi riskler yok mudur?

Söyleşinizin birisinde kör olma riski yok demişsiniz ancak ufak bir hata buna sebep olmaz mı?

Lasik ameliyatlarının en önemli aşaması corneal flapin oluşturulmasıdır. Bu esnada bazı şeylerin yanlış yapılması hastanın gözüne zarar verebilir. Bu körlükle de sonuçlanabilir. Peki ama nasıl?

Şimdiye dek literatürde 10 dan az körlük vakası bildirilmiştir. Bu vakalar LASIK'in ilk başladığı dönemlerde yani bundan 10 sene önce meydana gelmiş ve microkeratom cihazının içinde bulunan kalınlık halkasının takılmaması sonucu gözün delinmesi şeklinde gerçekleşmiştir.( Bir otomobile gaz pedalının konulup, fren pedalının unutulması gibi örnekleyebiliriz, kaza kaçınılmazdır ve kabul edilemez bir hatadır.)

Ülkemizde böyle bir komplikasyon olmamıştır ve tamamen hekim hatasıdır. Bu gün gelişen teknolojide böyle bir şey mümkün değildir.

Kesilen Flap in kalınlığı microkeratom cihazlarında + - 60 mikrona kadar değişebilmektedir. Bu Intralase de ise + - 10 mikrondur. Yani inanılmaz incelik oranında kornea yüzeyi kesilir. Kör olma riski bu bağlamda yoktur çünkü Korneaya yapılacak müdahale hesaplanırken daima maksimum güvenliğin hesap edilmesi gereklidir. Eğer bu güvenlik sınırlarına riayet edilmezse göz zarar görebilir. Bu zarardan maksat gözün kör olması değil gözün direncinin travmalara karsı azalmasıdır.

patients with malignant mesothelioma

2009-02-17T12:10:00.000-08:00

Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To identify and characterize the major symptoms, the clinical presentation and radiological abnormalities in patients with malignant mesothelioma (MM), admitted in a government institution specializing in diseases of the chest. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We performed a retrospective study which reviewed the medical records and radiological data of patients diagnosed with MM, admitted to the National Institute of Respiratory Diseases (INER) in Mexico City from 1991 to 1998. We included the following data: age, occupation, exposure to asbestos, onset, family history relative to other malignancies, clinical symptoms and radiological alterations. Percentages were calculated by sex and age group. RESULTS: There were 45 cases with MM and 80% were unable to document a history exposicional asbestos. The age group most often found among 51-60 years. Dyspnea and chest pain were the main symptoms. Radiological abnormalities constituted thickening and pleural effusion in 75% of patients. CONCLUSIONS: The clinical and radiological abnormalities in patients with MM without a history of exposure to asbestos were similar to those of patients with a history of exposure to asbestos.
Keywords: mesothelioma / clinical symptoms, mesothelioma / radiography; asbestos, genetic predisposition, Mexico

Abstract
OBJECTIVE: Our aim was to identify and describe the main symptoms, clinical presentation, and radiographic changes in malignant mesothelioma (MM) patients. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We reviewed the medical records and X-ray of all patients diagnosed with MM, admitted between 1991 and 1998 to the National Institute of Respiratory Diseases (INER), which is a governmental institution specialized in chest disease in Mexico City. The following data were collected: Age, occupation, asbestos exposure, latency, family history of cancer, clinical symptoms, and X-ray changes. Data are presented as percentages by sex and age group. RESULTS: We found 45 cases of MM, in 80% of them a history of asbestos exposure could not be documented. The 51-60 years age group had the highest frequency of MM. Dyspnea and chest pain were the presenting symptoms in most patients. Pleural thickening and pleural effusion were the X-ray abnormalities observed in 75% of the patients. CONCLUSIONS: The clinical and radiographic findings among patients with MM without asbestos exposure were similar to those with a history of asbestos exposure.
Key words: mesothelioma / diagnosis, clinical, mesothelioma / Radiography; asbestos, genetic predisposition, Mexico

Malignant mesothelioma (MM) is the most common malignant tumor in pleura.1, 2 The first histological description of this was made by E. Wagner in 1870, and it was not until 1960 when JC Wagner and colleagues have established a link between malignant mesothelioma and exposure to asbestos, thus described a disease with a long latency period, which affected mainly miners and mill workers exposed to 5-crocidolita.3

The incidence of MM in the global variable. In the United States of America (USA) 2 have been reported 200 new cases per year, an increase of approximately 50% in the last década.6, 7 In the UK, this neoplasm is responsible for 2 700 to 3 000 deaths year, and it is estimated that these figures continue to rise until the year 2020.8 after which predicts a decrease in incidence due to the implementation of regulatory measures on exposure and use of asbestos. In Mexico it is difficult to know the real impact of GM, since there is no recognized as an occupational disease case, and only 66 have been reported cases of asbestosis between 1995 and 1998 .* Gavira and collaborators in their work and health Asbestos in Mexico City, identified 52 cases of MM in the archives of the Pathology Department of the various national institutes of health, as well as the Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS) and the Institute of Security and Social Services of State Workers (ISSSTE) in the period 1980-1985.9

In the etiology of MM, 70% of cases can be established with a history or a history of direct or indirect exposure to asbestos, 10-12 however, could not be directly correlated to the intensity and duration of exposure to appearance of pleural disease. Exposure to asbestos is associated with the occurrence of chronic bronchitis, pulmonary fibrosis, and bronchogenic cancer. It is estimated that the risk of developing pleural disease secondary to such exposure is 8% -13% .1,3,4 radiation also appears to play an important role in the development of MM.13 Thus, in patients with seminoma, cervical cancer and Hodgkin's lymphoma treated with radiotherapy, there has been an increased incidence of MM.

From a genetic point of view, much remains unknown about this neoplasia. Analysis of histocompatibility antigens has not shown a correlation directa.14 Moreover, some reports mentioned that the lack of expression of GST-M1 gene (whose product acts on the detoxification of carcinogenic compounds), is associated with the appearance of neoplasia. Other players considered as probable inducers of GM are zeolita.15 and beryllium-17

Histologically, the MM is divided into three groups: epithelial, sarcomatoid and mixto.1 3.4 The sarcomatoid type is associated with large tumor masses, absence or minimal pleural effusion and increased frequency of blood-borne metastasis. The epithelial type is approximately 60% of the total and is divided into tubulopapilar, glandular and sólido.1, 2 mixed features common to the two.

The most frequent clinical manifestations in patients with MM are: characteristics without pleuritic chest pain (70%), dyspnea (25%), cough (20%), but some cases may be completely asintomáticos.1 radiological abnormalities are: pleural effusion (usually unilateral), thickening and mass pleural.2, 3 may be associated with mediastinal widening, for lymph node lymphatic, or invasion by tumor directa.1 3.4

The prognosis is bleak for the GM, the survival time is between 6 and 18 meses.2, 3 factors that are associated with a better prognosis are: age less than 55 years, absence of chest pain at presentation clinical presence of symptoms for more than six months at diagnosis, histologic type and high Karnowfsky epithelial. The presence of thrombocytosis, fever of unknown origin, or mixed sarcomatous histologic type and age over 65 years leads to a worse pronóstico.2 3.4

Because in recent years have seen at the National Institute of Respiratory Diseases (INER) a steady increase in the occurrence of this neoplasm, since in many cases the clinical behavior seems to be different than described in the literature, is decided to undertake this work in order to define the clinical and radiological features of MM patients who presented to the Institute.

Materials and methods

We reviewed medical records of all cases diagnosed with MM, and admitted to the INER within the period from January 1 1991 to December 31, 1998. In the data collection sheet included the following variables: age, occupation, time of evolution of symptoms (months), exposure to asbestos, smoke and other toxic.

Clinical data were: chest pain, cough, hemoptysis, weight loss and dyspnea. The radiological changes were grouped into: pleural thickening, pleural effusion, mediastinal shift and shrink. Were analyzed further diagnostic tests required in each case, taking the information recorded in the pleural fluid cytology and closed pleural biopsy or obtained by thoracoscopy. In the review of chest computed tomography, were assessed alterations in the lungs, as well as the presence of mediastinal lymph node masses and pleural thickening. As a method of extension study were included reports of liver and bone scan.

To determine the tumor stage was used the classification of the International Mesothelioma Interest Group (IMIG) 18 was also included in the data sheet information on the treatment and monitoring of the disease. Percentages were calculated by sex and age group.

Results

We studied 45 cases with a diagnosis of pleural mesothelioma, of whom 33 (73.3%) were males and 12 (26.7%) women. The age group with the highest frequency of MM in men was the 51-60 years, with a percentage of 42.4%, and the second group of higher frequency, ranged between 41 and 50 years (21.2%) and also in women the frequency was similar in the age groups 51-60 and 61-70 years, with a percentage of 33.3% in both groups (Figure 1). In males of 61-70 years, the observed frequency was 12.1%. In the age group 31-40 years were six cases in males and females only one in the group of 41-50 years, there were two cases of MM in women and seven men, while of the 18 cases MM in the age group 51-60 years, 14 were males and four females. For the remaining groups, the distribution of cases for each sex was similar.

These results differ somewhat from those reported by Yates and colleagues, 8 who reviewed 272 cases with MM and found that the average age of onset of this malignancy is 65.9 years, with no identified differences in the incidence of MM among both sexes . It is worth noting that in the present study the average age was 52.5 in men and women of 55 years.

Of the 45 patients, only 20% had a history of exposure to asbestos (eight men and one woman). This was primarily an industrial workforce. 80% of the cases studied did not have even indirect exposure to asbestos. Most cases without antecedent exposicional to asbestos occurred among males (69.4%), with an average age of 49 years, while 30.5% of cases with no history of asbestos exposicional were women, aged 59 and 75 years. Only 15 patients were history of smoking (eight males and seven females). It is worth mentioning that all data from the clinical file limitations inherent in any retrospective study, the absence of an association between exposure to asbestos and mesothelioma to be taken into account with some reservations.

With the aim of analyzing whether the GM without antecedent exposicional to asbestos showed the same clinical and radiological features in cases with history exposicional, patients were divided into two groups (Table I). In the first group, consisting of patients with evidence in the clinical history of exposure to asbestos, the most frequent symptoms were: chest pain, dyspnea, weight loss and cough. The incidence of these symptoms was similar in both sexes, with only the highest weight loss in women, but with no statistically significant difference. The most frequently observed radiological abnormalities were pleural effusion and thickening, as both disorders was higher than 75% of the mediastinal shift was observed in 37.5% of patients, while the retraction hemithorax was observed in only 25% of men .

In those patients in whom there was no antecedent exposicional to asbestos, the symptoms most frequently found at diagnosis were chest pain and dyspnea, which were found in more than 80% of cases in both men and women. Weight loss was present in more than 75% of patients. The most frequent radiological deterioration in this patient group was represented by the pleural effusion was found in more than 88% of cases. Occurrence of mediastinal displacement and retraction hemithorax was different in both sexes. Thus, 8% and 20% of men had decreased hemithorax and mediastinal shift, respectively, while in women the frequency of these alterations was 27.2% and 36.3% in the same order. Pleural thickening was different for each sex, as males were found in only 4% and women 72.7% (Table I).

From the detailed analysis of the family background of individual patients, they identified a group of patients referred at least one close relative with cancer. Due to the limited information on cases of familial predisposition to MM since it is not known the existence of a genetic component that may be important in the pathogenesis of neoplasia, it was decided to examine separately the group of patients.

Genetic load was defined as the group of patients with more than one close relative with any type of tumor. 80% of patients had no genetic load for malignancy, while 20% (nine cases) showed the antecedent itself. Thus, an analysis was, again, the presentation of clinical and radiological manifestations MM dividing the group between those patients who presented for genetic cancer and those who did not (Table II). Chest pain, breathlessness and weight loss were the most frequent clinical presentation in patients of both sexes and in both groups, with an incidence greater than 80%. The hemoptysis was present at diagnosis only in patients without genetic load, and its incidence was 12.5% in women and 3.5% in males. None of the patients with familial predisposition to malignancy was observed fever at diagnosis, but was present in more than 25% of patients without genetic load for neoplasia. Among the radiological abnormalities, over 75% of patients in both groups had pleural effusion, the pleural thickening was observed at a rate above 80% in cases with genetic loading for neoplasia. The frequency with which it was observed thickening and pleural effusion in patients without genetic load was above 42% and 85% respectively. Within the group of patients without a genetic load for malignancy was found hemithorax decreased to 14.2% in men and 37.5% of women, while in the group with this genetic alteration was detected in only 25% of women ( There were no cases in men).

Analyzing both the history of exposure to asbestos and the genetic load for malignancy (Table III), genetic males with and without exposure to asbestos had a mean age of 45.6 years, evolution time of symptoms of 1.4 months and a Symptoms at diagnosis similar to that described in the literature for the Anglo MM associated with asbestos. In this group the average age at diagnosis among women was 59.4 years. In the second group, comprising patients in whom no antecedent exposicional to asbestos showed no genetic load for neoplasia, the average age of presentation of MM was 48.6 years in men and women in 57 years, while the time elapsed between the onset of symptoms and diagnosis in both sexes was three months. The clinical and radiological had the same characteristics as the other groups. The third group of patients, consisting of cases in which there was precedent exposicional to asbestos but who had no genetic load for neoplasia, the mean age at diagnosis was 56.5 years in men and women in 35 years. Unfortunately, only one case could have female, who presented a very long time of evolution. Clinical symptoms observed in this patient at diagnosis were chest pain, breathlessness and weight loss. Thickening and pleural effusion were the most frequent radiological findings in this third group, but none has been observed retraction hemithorax or mediastinal shift. The fourth group, which includes cases where there was exposure to asbestos and presented for genetic cancer included only two men with a mean age of 52.2 years at diagnosis and with an interval of evolution, since the appearance of symptoms to diagnosis of 2.4 months, the clinical manifestation most frequently observed in this group was chest pain. Thickening and pleural effusion were present in both cases.

We also analyzed the interval between the onset of symptoms and the time of diagnosis (Table IV). In female patients without genetic load (66.6%), the range was 0.7-48 months, with an average of 4.1 months, whereas patients of the same sex with genetic load, the interval was 3-24 months with an average of 9.6 months. Of the 33 cases found in men, five (15.5%) had genetic load for neoplasia, and in them the interval between symptom onset and diagnosis ranged between 1 and 6 months, with an average of two months. In the remaining 28 cases (84.8%), duration between onset of symptoms and diagnosis was 0.5-18 months, with an average of 2.8 months. Therefore, the development of mesothelioma appears to be more aggressive in men, and among these, in which there is familial predisposition to cancer.

Finally, we separately analyzed the following variables: gender, genetic load and the latency period between the onset of symptoms and the time of diagnosis in different age groups. This period was lower in women with ages ranging from 43-46 years and 58-59 years, without genetic load (range three months), while in women of 56-57 years, with genetic load for malignancy, the interval was 18 months. In male patients, this difference was not marked. In men with the greatest genetic load latency period occurred in patients 77 years (eight months), and the interval was reduced to one month in patients from 42 to 69 years. Moreover, men without genetic load, the group of 32-39 years had the shortest latency period (1.9 months), and 63-68 years of which was the largest interval (9.5 months).

Regarding the clinical stage, the majority of patients had an IV IMIG, and several of them were metastases, primarily in the liver and spleen. The advanced clinical stage of the tumor is probably due to the patients when entering the INER pulmonary symptoms. Notably, the index Karnowfsky showed that the majority of patients was higher than 70%, and only one case was identified with a value of 40%.

Discussion

The results of this analysis correspond to a retrospective study of 45 cases admitted to the INER GM, the only tertiary center specializing in respiratory diseases in Mexico City.

Since 1960 was established as the main factor involved in the genesis of MM exposure to both direct and indirect asbestos.10, 17 In this review, cases in which there was documented exposure to asbestos were scarce. In the overall distribution by sex, the MM primarily affects males (83.3%), with a peak incidence in those who were between 51 and 60 years of age. The incidence of MM in women was not different in groups of 51 to 70 years. Yates and colleagues, in a review of 272 cases with MM, had a higher incidence in patients 65 years of both sexos.8

In our series, dyspnea, chest pain and cough were the most common clinical presentation of patients in both groups (with and without exposure to asbestos), and these results are similar to those reported in most series with a history of MM Exposure to asbestos.7, 17 In the series published by Yates and colleagues also found significant differences between the clinical presentation of MM associated with exposure to asbestos and those who had no history exposicional.8

Among the most common radiographic abnormalities associated with MM (x-ray postero-anterior chest) include pleural effusion, retraction hemithorax, mediastinal shift and thickening pleural.1, 2 In this paper, the pleural effusion was the most common radiological abnormality, together with pleural thickening. Although there are no pathognomonic nor tomographic findings of MM, Yilmaz and colaboradores19 studied retrospectively tomographic features of 46 cases of MM associated with exposure to asbestos, hence pleural thickening was the most common finding (99%), while the spill pleural involvement of the mediastinal pleura and the interlobar fissure, were presented in 91%, 57% and 54% of cases, respectively. Pleural calcifications and retraction of the hemithorax was affected in 26% and 30% of cases in the same order. In our series, only 25 of the 45 patients had CT scan done as part of the study protocol, the most common finding was pleural thickening, present in 44% of cases, followed by pleural effusion (36%).

Among the diagnostic procedures used in most patients the initial approach included thoracocentesis with pleural fluid cytology and closed pleural biopsy. Several authors have recognized the limited value of cytologic examination of pleural fluid for establishing the diagnosis of MM, as calculated 3,18,20,21 a diagnostic sensitivity of approximately 26%.

Boutin and colleagues reviewed 137 patients diagnosed with MM and compared the diagnostic efficacy of thoracoscopy in relation to closed pleural biopsy and cytologic analysis of pleural fluid. This study reported a sensitivity of 26% for cytologic examination of pleural fluid and 21% for closed pleural biopsy, with a cumulative sensitivity between the two procedures only 38.7%, and it was attributed to a material obtained by thoracoscopy diagnostic sensitivity of 80% .20 Our findings are consistent with those reported in series.

In this study, the diagnosis of MM could only be established definitively in the analysis of pleural fluid in one case, and the diagnosis was the most common inflammatory disorders. Of the 45 patients diagnosed with MM in the series presented here only 17 (37.5%) patients underwent thoracoscopy for diagnostic and staging. The most frequent histological type was epithelial Sarcomatoid followed.

At present, guidelines have been established in the field of management internacional18, 21 for the study, diagnosis and treatment of patients with suspicion of MM, which, in addition to an emphasis on detailed questioning and to identify exposure asbestos, highlighting the importance of completing the clinical diagnosis and supported in obtaining multiple biopsies through thoracoscopy. Although the diagnostic efficiency is increased by this method, you must not forget that this is an invasive procedure, not without complications, and that in most cases treatment is only palliative and MM with a poor prognosis in the short term; For this reason, the decision to perform thoracoscopy should be taken before evaluating the characteristics and circumstances of each patient.

Currently there is a tendency to classify exposure to asbestos: a) occupational (work) b) indirect or family, and c) environment, the latter is that which occurs in the vicinity of mines, factories or sites of natural asbestos, 22 and is more difficult to obtain, and therefore excluded. It is also known that the incidence of asbestos related not only to the duration of exposure, but also with its intensity. For some authors, short periods of exposure may be able to determine the onset of MM, as seems the case for the niños.22 The latency period between exposure to asbestos fibers and the appearance of the pleural neoplasia ranges from 5 and 70 years, so it is often difficult to establish in retrospect that exposición.10, 12.22

Unfortunately, in Mexico there are few studies focused on analyzing the incidence, characteristics and survival of patients with MM, so that despite the data obtained in our series, it is difficult to say that the old axiom, "Exposure to incidence of mesothelioma-asbestos "is not applicable. Thus, it is necessary to perform clinical and epidemiological studies on the possible contact of patients and their families, to provide an enhanced and comprehensive access to information for patients with MM.

The results obtained in this series show that 80% of cases had no exposure to asbestos, and that the clinical symptoms and radiographic abnormalities present at diagnosis are similar to those described in the Anglo-American literature for MM associated with exposure to asbestos. It is worth noting that because this study is retrospective, it was not possible to obtain a complete record of environmental and occupational exposure to asbestos of patients, so the data presented here should be considered with reservation.

Most series indicate that the antecedent to exposicional asbestos is present in 60% -80% of cases of MM, and given the high rate of exposure to asbestos (eg in the USA is estimated at 21 million Persons exposed only in the construction area) and the low incidence "relative" for this neoplasm, it is necessary to search for other etiologies that can influence the occurrence of this malignancy.

In this series, we found that only 20% of patients had family history of cancer. Huncharek and colaboradores23 studied 39 cases of MM, of whom 71% had family history of cancer. Although in this series did not find such a high percentage, this seems to be the only parameter to consider, as the number of patients with exposure to snuff, wood smoke or other inhalants was very low.

Comparison of clinical and radiographic findings between cases with and without antecedent exposicional to asbestos and between those with and without genetic load, showed no significant differences. However, it was a partnership with the time between the onset of symptoms and diagnosis.

Other factors have been implicated in the genesis of mesothelioma. Thus, for some authors the chronic inflammation in the pleural cavity could be one of them, 11 cases have been reported for recurrent pleural effusion and subsequently developed MM.22 Another officer involved in the pathogenesis of MM is radiation. Moreover, the latter's association with exposure to asbestos presents a synergistic effect for the development of mesotelioma.11 It is important to note that none of the patients in this series showed some of this background.

Several authors mention the existence of a familial predisposition or increased susceptibility gene in patients with MM. However, this work has not yet been carefully analyzed the role of familial or genetic predisposition in the genesis of MM. In the series presented here, clinical symptoms and radiologic abnormalities showed that both patients with positive genetic load as those in which there was no family history of malignancy, were common to those described for MM associated with asbestos. Thus, only differences in the time between the onset of symptoms and diagnosis, as well as the age at presentation of disease.

There are several works that mention a higher incidence of cancer in parents and relatives of patients with MM, but its meaning is still desconocido.23-26 Studies in Turkey found a higher frequency of histocompatibility antigens of B-41, HLA B-58 and DR-16 in patients with MM, in relation to population control groups and normal donor renales.14 were also described various chromosomal abnormalities in patients with mesothelioma. Especially frequent is a deletion of the long arm of chromosome 6.26 Other abnormalities described include monosomy on chromosomes 13 and 17 and, less frequently, on chromosomes 14 and 22. However, at present still unknown the implication of these findings in the development of GM and the predictive value of this still needs to be evaluated.

FAGOR improving life for people with reduced mobility.

2009-02-15T09:32:00.000-08:00

FAGOR improving life for people with reduced mobility.

• Fagor Day and participated in the Space Test 'technology in daily life. Access and use for disabled people 'who organized last Friday in Madrid the Association of Paraplegics and Physically Handicapped of the Great Community of Madrid, ASPAYM.

• Maior Vocce requires no learning period and thanks to him people with motor disabilities can enjoy greater autonomy, improving their quality of life.

• daily activities such as controlling lighting and blinds control, air conditioning, appliances, etc.. will be managed without leaving the site with a simple voice command.

Fagor Electrodomésticos last part came from, October 3, the Test Match and Space 'technology in daily life. Access and use for disabled people ', organized by the Association of Paraplegics and Physically Handicapped of the Great Community of Madrid, ASPAYM within the set of actions of its project' Inform @ tion: e-inclusion of disabled persons' and co-financed by the Ministry of Industry, Tourism and Trade under the Plan Avanza.

The aim of this conference was to raise awareness of existing technology, offering the opportunity to test their devices before purchase and create a space for exchange of views and future collaboration between professionals and users.

In this context, this group Fagor presented its new Vocce Maior, thanks to which, those with motor disabilities can enjoy greater autonomy, thereby improving their quality of life, as a home automation can control by voice. The company also conducted onsite demonstrations for attendees.

Everyday activities such as on / off the light, go up / down blinds, turn the air conditioning and appliances, etc.. may be managed by the user without scrolling and without recourse to others, from anywhere in the house and with full autonomy, with its radio communications technology, and with a simple voice command. Thanks to its ease of use and transportation, you may take for example on the wrist like a watch or hung from the neck.

Maior Vocce is unique in the current market for home automation, both in technology as a benefit. Allows control by voice, without any learning process, and can be used by several people at once and allows the control of elements from any place, without direct vision between the device and the control element.

The use of psychotropic drugs to treat mental health problems do not always respond to rational criteria.

2009-02-14T07:24:00.003-08:00

Section of Psychiatry of the Academy of Medical Sciences is organizing the conference in Bilbao, on the rational use of medicines in mental health services.

• A simplistic concept of mental illness and human behavior has contributed to extending treatment with psychotropic drugs for conditions that can hardly be regarded as psychiatric disorders, and should be approached differently.

• The popularization and trivialization of some use of some psychiatric medications have helped to extend the use of poorly justified. "Drugs like Prozac are already part of the culture of the XX and XXI century," says Dr. Uriarte Uriarte.

• In recent years it has been called into question the efficacy and safety of many of these drugs, especially when used indiscriminately, with little control, and without regard to other therapeutic alternatives.

Reflect on the different aspects that affect the assistance to mental health problems at present and, more specifically, those that affect the use of psychotropic drugs. This will be the main goal of Dr. Juan José Uriarte Uriarte, department head of the Psychiatric Rehabilitation Unit of Hospital de Zamudio. The lecture, organized by the Academy of Medical Sciences of Bilbao, to be entitled "The Use and Abuse of the prescription of psychoactive drugs. Towards a rational use ", will take place today Wednesday 28 January at 19.00 in the hall of the Medical Association of Bizkaia (Lersundi, 9-5 th).

The rapporteur will deepen the idea that the current use of medications in mental health does not always have a rational basis, as well as the different aspects that influence the use of psychoactive drugs. To do this start by reviewing the various interpretations of the concept of rationality applied to health and social changes that influence the practice of medicine today, with special reference to the extension of the concept of health. Then, before you jump right into the factors influencing the current distribution of psychotropic drugs, the expert will analyze the impact of poor knowledge of the causes and pathogenesis of mental diseases.

Causes of the spread of psychoactive drugs
The enormous success and spread of psychoactive drugs in the last decade has "various causes including: technical advances and the excessive reliance on technology, the relative effectiveness of alternative methods of intervention (such as psychotherapy), dissemination of models for evaluating interventions (clinical trials), social changes, changes in psychiatric nosology and the influence of the pharmaceutical industry, "says Dr. Uriarte. To all this must be added that the extension of the idea that the symptoms of mental illness depend on functions regulated by brain chemicals, and can be modified in a controlled and socially acceptable manner has contributed to "the incredible diffusion of drugs Prozac, as part of the culture of the XX and XXI century. "

"A simplistic notion of mental illness and human behavior has contributed to reducing the stigma associated with treatment with psychotropic drugs, especially antidepressants, which have been in a few years of being rejected or consumed in secret, to be sued in a direct by patients, "explains the expert psychiatrist. The extension of the mental health field has undoubtedly been exploited by the pharmaceutical industry, which has "stretched to the unspeakable traditional diseases like depression," and has contributed to an "explosion and expansion of mental health problems likely treatment, including situations bordering on normalcy, "such as shyness or hyperactive behavior in children," he adds.

Treatments questioned
However in recent years has been put into question the efficacy and safety of many drugs. Moreover the "lack of progress in the knowledge of the causes of mental illness eventually temper enthusiasm and unrealistic claims," says JJ Uriarte. It is noteworthy that the psychotropic drugs have traditionally had a competitor in the market for human diseases and psychiatric illness. These are the psychological and psychotherapeutic treatments, which "have even greater sympathy initial suffer from them, and even larger gaps that the psychotropic drugs," says the lecturer. It is necessary to move towards a greater understanding of the factors associated with greater efficacy and safety of our interventions, efficacy and safety, which often is achieved with an approach that cleverly combines the best of every type of collision, psychotherapeutic and psychopharmacological .

Furthermore it should be noted that the marketing of new drugs based on controlled clinical trials. But the information they provide "is often difficult to extrapolate to the clinical routine," so there is a need for research to reflect a more accurate what happens in real life and help us making decisions. Recent studies such as CATIE, have had a major impact on the psychiatric community and have led to deep-rooted beliefs are shaken.

The Foundation Doctor Balmis rewarding career the prestigious vacunólogo José Antonio Navarro.

2009-02-14T07:24:00.001-08:00

First Awards engaged in Vaccinology, Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine

Doctor Balmis Foundation, created under the auspices of the Rotary Club, Alicante, sponsored by Esteve, created the awards that bear his name to distinguish the most important personalities in the field of Vaccinology, Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine in Spain. In this first edition, which has an annual continuity, it has been recognized professional work of Dr. José Antonio Navarro Alonso, currently Chief of Vaccinology, Prevention and Protection of Health of the Regional Government of Murcia.

Member of the Spanish Association of Vaccinology, Navarro Alonso is also part of the Vaccine Safety Project of the World Health Organization and the European Advisory Group on Vaccines and Immunizations, among many other agencies. Collected the award yesterday, Friday January 23 in Alicante, in the hands of Health Minister, Bernat Soria, and the presence of leading authorities from the health and social, that they support the philosophy of dedication and service to the community promotes Prize.

It should be stressed that the Foundation Doctor Balmis aims to disseminate the values they embody the character of this great figure of the eighteenth century, well recognized in the Latin American countries and the Philippines, but it is a great unknown in Spain and his homeland, Alicante.

Francisco Javier Balmis devoted his life to medicine and pioneered the study of applications of the vaccine, especially smallpox, considered one of the pests that have caused more death to the human species. Played one of the most striking gestures of Medicine, to disseminate the vaccine in an expedition philanthropic giving around the world. Precisely the Rotary International was inspired by the feat of Dr. Balmis for the Polio Plus campaign, through which virtually eradicated polio in the world, through the vaccination of hundreds of thousands of children.

The Award ceremony was held yesterday, January 23 at 21:30 am in the Hotel Sidi San Juan (Alicante), hosts of the Rotary Club of Alicante, currently chaired by Dr. Jorge Alió, who also chairs the Foundation Doctor Balmis.

Bet Esteve Vaccine
Esteve, sponsor of the Doctor Balmis Prize Foundation, is a chemical-pharmaceutical group leader in Spain and with a strong international presence. Today the group offers a comprehensive solution within the health sector with a variety of segments in which it is active. The presence in the field of vaccines Esteve was achieved on the one hand, through the market (since 2000) of a broad portfolio of vaccines in the fields of influenza and meningitis, and more recently through its incorporation into a project with the Catalan Center for Research and Development of AIDS Vaccine (HIVACAT), a public-private initiative focused on developing a vaccine for HIV.

Esteve has expanded its scope of action towards preventive medicine, in particular vaccines. Every day there are more diseases could be prevented by vaccines, and the initiative responds to the Awards Balmis Esteve social commitment.

Summary of presentations of the Fourth Course of Continuing Medical Education on Viral Hepatitis.

2009-02-14T07:21:00.003-08:00

Between 26 and January 30 was held in the Medical Association of Madrid IV CONTINUING MEDICAL TRAINING COURSE ON VIRAL HEPATITIS. The course, as in other occasions, was led by Professor Juan González-Lahoz and Vincent Soriano, Hospital Carlos III of Madrid. Of note is the extensive participation (more than 200 physicians enrolled) and the quality of the speakers came from pointers hepatology services and / or infectious diseases in Spain.

There are at least 5 hepatotropic virus can infect and inflame the liver tissue: the hepatitis A virus (HAV), B (HBV), C (HCV), D (VHD) and E (HEV). Other viruses such as VHG, viruses and TTS SEN virus can infect the liver, although its pathogenic role is controversial.

HAV and HEV have preferred a fecal-oral transmission and a generally benign course. Today, its incidence in Spain is low due to good hygienic conditions and the existence of a vaccine against HAV andalusia. However, there have been small outbreaks of acute hepatitis A in patients promiscuous homosexual. Furthermore, acute hepatitis E should be considered in travelers and immigrants coming mainly from Southeast Asia.

Viral hepatitis produce greater public health problem in our country are caused by HBV and HCV.

Hepatitis B

Infection occurs through sexual contact, blood or by passage from mother to child. In adults almost always heal themselves, but between 3-5% of cases evolve into chronicity. When infection is acquired in childhood is the rule chronification. Between 15 and 40% of patients with chronic hepatitis B will develop cirrhosis.

It is essential to identify which patients will develop worse and therefore require treatment. The goal of treatment is to prevent viral replication and ideally eradicate the virus. The latter is complex, since the HBV integrates its genetic material into the nucleus of host cells. On the other hand it is known that the viral suppression prevents the progression to cirrhosis and its complications. There is "consensus" that should be addressed to patients with viral loads above 20,000 IU / ml and elevated transaminases, because they have a higher risk of progression.

The drugs currently approved for HBV are:
• Interferons. Achieve higher levels of healing in HBeAg + patients. But they have more side effects and are contraindicated in cirrhotic patients.
• Lamivudine. It was the first approved inhibitor of polymerase. Tolerated very well, but over time it always fails for the emergence of resistance.
• Telvivudina. Share some with lamivudine resistance and also its easy to generate resistance.
• entecavir. More powerful than the previous ones but if there is resistance to lamivudine is necessary to double the dose.
• Adefovir. It is useful for patients who failed previous drug.
• Tenofovir. The last drug approved against HBV and one of the most powerful.

Hepatitis Delta

The HDV is an RNA virus, capable of producing hepatotropic hepatitis, chronic hepatitis and fulminant hepatitis in some cases. It is the least frequent cause of chronic viral hepatitis but produces a severe liver disease. HDV infection occurs only in the context of an HBV infection, either infection or simultaneous coinfection of B and D or D-shaped overinfection affected previous HBsAg carriers. Clinically it is presented in a similar way but evolution and the prognosis is very different. Most of the B and D co-evolve to cure while the delta superinfections progress to chronicity.

Hepatitis C

HCV is characterized by its ability to chronic. About 2% of the Spanish population is infected by this virus and is the leading cause of liver transplantation. The evolution of HCV is usually asymptomatic, but about 20% of patients will develop liver cirrhosis in 20 years.

The treatment of choice is the combination of pegylated interferon (PEG-IFN) and ribavirin (RBV). Genotypes 2 and 3 were treated 6 months get a 80% cure. Genotypes 1 and 4 should be treated 1 years, achieving cure in half the patients. There are currently testing new drugs that inhibit viral enzymes, such as telaprevir, which acts on the protease of HCV and in combination with PEG-IFN and RBV may achieve higher cure rates in patients difficult to treat.

Vaccines against hepatotropic virus

There is now a vaccine against HAV andalusia consisting of inactivated virus. 2 doses are administered intramuscularly at an interval of 6 months and produces a nearly universal immunization.

Against HBV is a vaccine that is produced by genetic recombination. 3 doses are administered and is already included in the pediatric immunization schedule in Spain. This makes for a higher vaccination rates in children, 95% and 80% in adults.

Unfortunately, HCV is not successful to grow in the laboratory. This makes it difficult to investigate, among other things has not yet been able to develop a vaccine.

Vaccination against andalusia andalusia HAV and HBV should always indicated in patients with liver-based, as an acute hepatitis from any of these viruses on a sick liver can be fatal.

Hepatotropic virus coinfection with HIV

Shares with HIV, HBV and HCV transmission routes (especially parenterally) this makes coinfection is relatively frequent. This is an issue of this edge by having a series of special features:

• Since the introduction of highly active against HIV liver disease has become a major cause of morbidity and mortality in these patients.
• The evolution to cirrhosis is accelerated for both HBV and for HCV in HIV + patients.
• The treatment of viral hepatitis is more complex in these patients for drug interactions and hepatotoxicity phenomena.
• Response rates especially HCV with PEG-IFN and RBV are decreased in HIV + patients.

Presentation in Spain of a new antiretroviral therapy to treat HIV-1.

2009-02-14T07:21:00.001-08:00

Intelence ® (Etravirina) is the first reverse transcriptase inhibitor non-nucleoside analogue introduced in Europe in nearly 10 years

• The profile of a patient who would benefit from this new therapy is one that does not respond to current treatments

• Nearly 80% of patients treated with etravirina, in joint administration with other active drugs achieved undetectable viral load

• In Spain more than 700 patients have received compassionate use etravirina by or through an Expanded Access Program

Last January 30 was made in Spain INTELENCE ® (etravirina), a new therapeutic alternative for adults infected with HIV type 1 (HIV-1) that have been previously treated with other antiretrovirals, which have generated resistance to treatment.

INTELENCE ® (etravirina) belongs to a new generation of antiretroviral drugs that, taken together with a boosted protease inhibitor and other antiretroviral drugs, reduces the amount of HIV in the blood and keeps it low. Its aim is to curb the deterioration of the immune system, the emergence of infections and diseases associated with AIDS in those who have shown resistance to other therapies.

For Enrique Ortega, head of the Infectious Disease Unit of the Hospital General Universitario de Valencia, this new drug has an advantage because capital "is able to deal with him to a high percentage of people infected with HIV that showed resistance and in which treatments were no longer effective. " According to Jose Maria Gatell, head of Service of Infectious Diseases and AIDS of Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, "etravirina be used as a component of the combinations of rescue in adults who have failed one or more previous treatments, and generally with multiple resistance mutations andalusia virus. But due to its good tolerance may, in some situations, replacing the current ITNN (nevirapine or efavirenz) in earlier stages of infection. "

The indication of INTELENCE ® (etravirina) is based on the analysis performed at week 24, two studies DUET 1 and DUET 2 in 1203 adults infected with HIV-1 pretreatment was no longer effective and that showed resistance to inhibitors of reverse transcriptase non-nucleoside analogues (ITINN). Both studies examined the efficacy and safety of etravirina treatment in combination with an optimized base (TBO), which included darunavir / ritonavir. The data showed that 58.9% of patients treated with etravirina got an undetectable viral load (<50 copies / ml), compared with 41.1% of patients treated with placebo [p <0.0001], and 50% higher than the control group. The recommended dose of INTELENCE ® is 200 mg (two 100 mg tablets) taken orally twice daily after a meal. It is possible to dissolve the tablets in water.

In the pooled analysis of studies DUET 1 and DUET 2 to 48 weeks of treatment showed that about 80% of patients who are treated etravirina with two or more active drugs achieved undetectable viral load.

The incidence of neurological and psychiatric adverse events at 48 weeks of treatment with etravirina was similar to those receiving placebo. Also in people coinfected with hepatitis C and / or B, the appearance of adverse effects in the liver etravirina-treated group was similar to placebo.

The Ministry of Health through the General Directorate of Pharmacy and Health Products has just approved funding this new therapeutic alternative for adult patients infected by HIV-1 that have been previously treated with other drugs and who have generated a resistant virus. . "We had to wait almost 10 years to introduce a new ITNN, well tolerated, with a better resistance profile and able to rescue patients who had developed a certain level of resistance to the above. Means a significant improvement in the arsenal of treatments and an alternative to rescue the current ITNN in selected situations, "says Dr. Gatell. Ortega to the doctor, "with this new therapy is called the therapeutic range and it is likely that we are entering a new era of change in therapy initiation.

To etravirina marketing in Spain, more than 700 patients have been treated for compassionate use or expanded access program.

New horizons in the fight against HIV

The presentation of this new drug that takes place during the symposium "Improving the Present: Renovation and Innovation in the non-nucleoside" to be held this weekend in Valencia, brings together over 150 specialists on the occasion of the official presentation to the community etravirina medical and to discuss the new horizons that exist in the fight against HIV / AIDS. Dr. Gatell to "provide new therapeutic options for antiretroviral treatment changes make it simpler and better tolerated by patients and allows the possibility of developing a rescue treatment whose effectiveness is close to 100%." In the same line expressed that Dr. Ortega said that "the horizons of therapy are changing with the emergence of new drugs more effective and less adverse family therapy known to improve the existing ones and also acting against other targets of the virus hitherto impregnable. "

Etravirina was developed by Tibotec Pharmaceuticals, a Johnson & Johnson's group dedicated to research and development of new drugs in the area of virology. Janssen-Cilag International NV is the holder of the marketing authorization in the European Union. Spain INTELENCE ® is marketed by Janssen-Cilag SA,

Janssen-Cilag pharmaceutical company based in the research group belonging to the Johnson & Johnson, the multinational health sector more diversified and employs 119,000 people worldwide. For 120 years, Johnson & Johnson develops health care products and services for markets pharmaceutical, consumer and professional.

Epidemic Bronchiolitis Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) will last until April.

2009-02-14T07:20:00.000-08:00

• Bronchiolitis is the leading cause of hospitalization worldwide in less than a year.

• Prevention with monoclonal treatments are key to preventing infection in infants more vulnerable.

RSV, the leading cause of bronchiolitis, this year will remain in the air until April. Says Dr. Octavio Ramilo, Medical Director and Clinical Research at Childrens Medical Center of Texas, Dallas, "the dispersal of Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) causes bronchiolitis is associated with climatic variations. It has been found that the combination of low temperatures and humidity makes the virus becomes more resistant. " This is what is happening this year in Spain. The winter cold and rain we are experiencing is contributing to the spread of RSV is more aggressive.

Bronchiolitis is considered the leading cause of hospitalization in the world in less than a year and the leading cause of severe respiratory infections in early life. In Spain, recent research suggests that 89.3% of RSV hospitalizations occurred between October and April. According to these studies, 27% of revenues from bronchiolitis occur during the months of March and April, with the rate of revenue in the past month, nearly 10%.

This high rate of hospitalization creates a high-cost centers, is why we in the words of Dr. Octavio Ramilo, Medical Director and Clinical Research at Childrens Medical Center of Texas, Dallas, "prevention is essential. Has been demonstrated that treatment with prophylactic work well in children under two years and those who are born preterm. In recent years, thanks to preventive treatment have been greatly reduced hospitalizations. "

At the same time, Ramilo explained that due to the variability of the virus and its relationship to climate, "the VRS could be extended even in the months of May and June, so it is necessary to continue preventative treatment and not leave the March. Especially vulnerable are those children who receive early discharge in March or April and have not received preventive treatment with prophylaxis. "

The causes of these children, and more particularly preterm infants are more vulnerable to RSV bronchiolitis, according to Dr. Ramilo, are due to "have a much weakened autoimmune system and respiratory system is more sensitive to any type of respiratory infection. "

At the same time, Ramilo argues that education is a key factor: "we must raise awareness among parents of hygiene and prevention measures that have to be with these children. It is imperative to wash the hands, to prevent children or people with influenza cough or closer to the baby and especially extremely premature babies with protection. Avoid loaded and closed environments. These measures are necessary to prevent the babies were infected with RSV. "

Bronchiolitis

Bronchiolitis is a common cause of infant morbidity caused by high demand in primary care and emergency services, and a high number of hospital admissions in young children and nosocomial infections.

RSV is the causative agent of this disease, characterized by an acute obstruction of the small airways. Their spread is very common in homes, day care and in hospital wards. In the last decade, is describing an increased incidence of hospitalizations for bronchiolitis, which is a significant increase in costs.

In Spain, bronchiolitis is a problem of public health care and economic impact is both short and long term.

Four out of five people who suffer from chronic venous insufficiency resulting from their work, are women.

2009-02-14T07:19:00.000-08:00

• 65% of people relate to endure discomfort for five hours over two hours standing or sitting in their jobs are housewives, hairdressers, receptionists and waiters. • Only 36% of those symptomatic with your doctor for this problem. • 93 percent of those involved in his job fighting these symptoms with postural measures. • Request a business administration major and the prevention measures in the workplace. • The impact of chronic venous insufficiency of the lower labor ranges between 6 and 17% according to the doctors and reaches 20% according to the patients. "Chronic venous insufficiency (CVI) is a condition often deteriorates significantly the quality of life of people who have a job that requires them to stand or sit too long." Covered in the book on white chronic venous insufficiency (CVI) and its impact on the Spanish health system, who was president of the Spanish Chapter of Phlebology, Alberto Masegosa, warns that "the consulting physician or the use of preventive measures are low." The experts emphasized that "prevention campaigns should include the various fields, from those taken by the individual through corporate or government, and with the advice and collaboration of scientific societies." Masegosa explains why this need. "The drainage of blood from the veins of the lower limbs occurs efficiently during exercise, the effect of the pump of the calf muscle, and the lie, because they equalize the pressure between the veins of the lower limbs and the right atrium. Daily activities makes it difficult for many people exercise the power or lifting the legs with the consequent difficulty of draining blood from them. This is especially marked in certain occupational activities, especially those requiring several hours of prolonged standing or a sedentary lifestyle. Exposure to heat or nearby activities in hot environments, increasing the symptoms. " Continued discussion of the vascular surgeon. "In people without venous disease of the lower extremities that results in pain and swelling with a consequent deterioration in their quality of life. However, in the case of people with alteration in the normal functioning of the valves of the veins of the lower extremities, in addition to the symptoms increases the progression of their disease until more severe stages. Fieldwork carried out by the Spanish Chapter of Phlebology affects the impact of IVC in the professional field. The findings are enlightening. 65% of people reporting discomfort at some point in their careers were housewives, hairdressers, receptionists and waiters. Four out of five women who had symptoms. Of those who responded affirmatively to the existence of symptoms of CVI, the majority spent more than five hours a day standing or sitting two. Of those with symptoms 42% had daily, 26.8% had symptoms that were frequent and 33.1% had that occasionally. Only 36% of symptomatic individuals consulted their doctor for this problem. Rioja battle Postural measures 93%, elastic stockings, and medication with 34.9%, only 31.8% with medication and only came to the vascular surgeon 15.5%. The white paper references on chronic venous insufficiency (CVI) and its impact on the Spanish health published by the Spanish Chapter of Phlebology (CEF) of the Spanish Society of Angiology and Vascular Surgery (SEACV), is based on information obtained from surveys managers and professionals in medicine and to patients. Among the most notable findings of this white paper highlights the fact that "the preventive measures against the IVC in the workplace have significant efficacy. Moreover, the fact of having IVC and have a profession of risk produces a clear decrease in the quality of life. " The impact of chronic venous insufficiency of the sick leave in people who have IVC ranges between 6 and 17 per cent, according to doctors and reaches 20% according to the patients.
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Some terms in the Pharmaceutical Sector-3

2009-02-11T09:26:00.001-08:00

Parallel Trade - Parallel Trade
Parallel trade, lower prices of goods purchased in a country, and subsequently higher prices for the same goods in another country is sold.

Patents
Patent, the patent owner the right to intellectual property law, is a document open to the public. At the same time, information relating to inventions made by the public and to increase public interest and is under the protection of the rights of inventors. Mucide, for publication of the invention, the patent owner to grant a limited monopoly patented product is made by others, the possibility to prevent the use or sale is made. Monopoly rights for a period (now 20 years since the patent application) and at national borders (where the patent is granted) is limited. However, the three conditions are fulfilled in the case of patents: innovation, invention of practicality and innovation in the industry.

Pharmacogenomics - Farmakogenomik
Detect genetic differences between individuals and the appropriate shape series treatment development process.

Pharmacology - Pharmacology
Pharmacology, drug discovery, development and effects of drugs, including an extensive examination covering all aspects of the discipline is.

Farmakovijilans
Medical products on the market life of the license is for the close supervision over the reliability and continuous oversight.

Battery (Patient Information Leaflet - Patient Information Leaflet)
In a specific order, all of the information provided with medicines. Usually, the patient receives medication, the medication is safe and effective use single source of information is explaining.

Prevalence - Prevalence
Terms of population affected by disease rate is used for.

Primary Care - Basic Maintenance
Basic care, age, gender, disease or organ system and the population of individuals with regard to the contacts and provided the first permanent, comprehensive and coordinated care means.

Proteins - Proteins
Proteins, amino acids with a much smaller molecular chain consists of occurs. Some amino acids in proteins can be dozens of thousands of some of it can be. Of each protein, amino acid structure and chain on the space depending on how the curl is a structure peculiar. This structure, protein functions are determined: transport function (hemoglobin blood moves through okisjen), against microbial defense (antibodies), hormonal activity (insulin, adrenaline, etc..), Cells of the biochemical reactions of the act (enzymes) as well as other functions that are available.

Proteomics - Proteomics
Proteomics, the protein in the organism to be isolated, to parse, it is considered as a functional definition and includes, all protein sequences in the tissue and the analysis of protein expression patterns. Genes, cells encode proteins that perform the basic activities are. Protein transmits the message, removes damaged tissue and to provide yapıtaşları performs vital reaction. Proteins, the molecular machinery of genetic instructions are fulfilled. Protein production or function abnormalities are associated with many diseases and health conditions. In the treatment of a specific disease in question is in the best way to understand the disease and to identify proteins associated with it is necessary to understand the function.

Public Health - Public Health
Public Health, Maastricht Treaty, the EC Treaty in the life of the 152nd Article has been covered. According to this Article, the Community, including drug addiction, disease prevention and infection, to cause disease to investigate the origin of the public are obliged to inform and encourage training. Amsterdam Treaty, the Community policies and activities of human health to ensure a high level of observance in the definition and implementation of this goal requires the support. According to Article 152, the actions taken in line with this objective, Member States complete the actions taken by the Community measures may include. However, in line yerindenlik policy, the actual approach to encourage cooperation between Member States should be.

Rx
Prescription drugs (the term is used in the United States)

SITC
(Standard International Trade Classification). Standard International Trade Classification.

SMEs - SMEs
Small and medium-scale enterprises is the abbreviation used for.
SmPC (Summary of Product Characteristics - Short Product Information)
A medical product to the EU institutions or officials of Member States to be reviewed by EMEA companies are required to submit a file. In Europe in terms of content and presentation of existing guidelines (Directive 65/65/EEC URL amending the Directive 83/570/EEC) had to be prepared in accordance with this file consists of four parts. In the first section, where short product information in the administrative information and a summary of the file is located. However, in Europe, is known as SPC or SmPC essential and inseparable part of the license approval.

SPC (Supplementary Protection Certificate - Additional Protection Certificate)
SPC for pharmaceutical products will apply. The European Union on 2 January 1993, entered into force by regulation. Products in the EU countries since the first time the marketing license to provide a maximum of 15 years, the patent applies to the longest period of 5 years SPC'nin.

Stem cell - Stem Cells
Stem cells, divided into many different specific cells and tissues in the human body with the capacity to reproduce and different from other cells and non-exclusive "master" cells are. Stem cells, early embryo, fetal and adult human development to periods in each phase are available. There are three types of stem cells: embryonic, fetal and adult. The use of adult stem cells created and discussions are not generally accepted, embryonic and fetal stem cell research on ethical perspective is discussed in many ways.

Transparency Committee - Transparency Committee
Directive 89/105/EEC (commonly called "Transparency Directive" is referred to as) created pursuant to the European Union Transparency Committee consists of representatives of Member States. The Committee is responsible for drug pricing and reimbursement, and on topics relating to the Transparency Directive, the Commission will make recommendations to.

TRIPs (Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights - Trade Associated with Intellectual Property Rights)
World Trade Organization's TRIPs Agreement, GATT'ın "the Uruguay Round" of negotiations has emerged as the aforementioned. In this understanding, the World Trade Organization members of the national laws of all states must put in, including patents, intellectual property rights are related to minimum international standards.

Vaccine - Vaccine
To develop protective immunity against infectious diseases medicines are given to the body. (reduced or dead microorganisms - bacteria or viruses). The purpose of disease to people profilaktik conventional vaccine to prevent infection. Therapeutic vaccines, chronic infection with the virus of human body immune system to action for the disposal of the products. Vaccines are preparations of natural, synthetic and may have been derived rekombinan DNA technology.

Virus - Virus
Smaller than bacteria, and live outside of the cell growth of microorganisms and viruses is not possible çoğalaması is called. Virus to survive and reproduce itself for the live cells attacked their chemical properties and uses.

WHO (World Health Organization - World Health Organization)
Center in 1948, which was established in Geneva World Health Organization, United Nations, made up of 191 members is a sub-organization. Organizations, international technical cooperation in the field of health promotion is, to control disease and to eliminate support for various programs and projects shall be executed. The goal is to increase the quality of basic human life

Some terms in the Pharmaceutical Sector-2

2009-02-11T09:24:00.000-08:00

EDL (Essential Drugs List-Essential Drugs List)
Model List of Essential Drugs DSÖ'nün, in developing countries to ensure a reasonable amount of drugs available has been created in the 1970s. Essential Drugs, the majority of the population consists of drugs that meet medical needs. Adequate amounts and proper dosage should always be accessible. Model List of Essential Drugs DSÖ'nün developing countries identify their priorities and make choices to medication. Model in the list of drugs DSÖ'nün more than 90% of the non-patent drugs is, therefore, almost close to zero by the law firm at a cost generic copies should be considered.

EMEA (European Agency for the Evaluation of Medicinal Products - European Agency for Evaluation of Medical Products)
Evaluation of the European Medical Products Agency, the European Medicines Agency is now called, began operations in 1995. Agency based in central London, the European Union member states and to assess the human and veterinary medicinal products and to check the existing scientific resources of Member States to coordinate.

EPAR-(European Public Assessment Report). European Public Assessment Report
Center for Medical Products Committee for Proprietary end process (Committee for Proprietary Medicinal Products - CPMP) reached by the final decision includes scientific. At the same time, the report, be specific in the direction of a medical license to the product of reason to explain the CPMP decision.

GATT (General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade - General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade)
In 1947, signed by 117 states is a comprehensive free trade agreement. GATT'ın aim, to promote world trade and global economic growth to contribute to supervise. Many of the issues, as well as all other member countries, member countries of import and export tariffs to the same act, the member countries based on the editor to provide copyright protection, trade-related issues to consult with each other and differences in a peaceful way to resolve is encouraging. With GATT, the agreements to ensure compliance to the WTO (World Trade Organization - WTO) was created with the name recognition of the regulatory body.

Generic - Generic
Non-patent drugs. A drug, the patent only until the end of the drug, manufactured by the company can be discovered. After the patent ends, any company is entitled to the same generic compound is produced.

Genes - Genes
Genes, the DNA carried by chromosomes from each other than to create individual is responsible for separating hereditary characteristics. Every human being has an estimated 100,000 separate genes. More generally the 'genes' of the term person has certain features can be used in relation to the transfer and inheritance.

Gene Therapy - Gene Therapy
Organisms with a genetic disease of the damaged gene is replaced with another gene. To isolate the gene and the functioning of cells is used to place rekombinan DNA techniques. People with more than 300 single-gene genetic disorders have been identified. These are an important part of gene therapy may be appropriate for.

Genome - Genome
The total of the genes carried by individuals or cells.

Genomics - Genome science
Genes and functions viewing is the name given to the sciences. Recent progress in genome science, the complex interaction of genetic and environmental factors, including the molecular mechanisms of disease to create a revolution in the information. In addition, genome science, the development of drugs for the thousands of new biological targets revealed by scientists and new medicines, vaccines and DNA diagnosis of innovative ways to create a revolutionary health by providing products to the discovery motion was passed. Genome science-based treatment between the "traditional" small chemical drugs, protein drugs and, potentially, gene therapy is available.

GCP (Good Clinical Practice - Good Clinical Practice)
Human subjects participated in the research design, execution, recording and reporting related to international ethical and scientific quality standards are. These standards, work safety and health of the subjects were taken under guarantee, to comply with principles of the Helsinki Declaration and reliable data for clinical research is to reassure the public.

GMP (Good Manufacturing Practice - Good Manufacturing Practice)
In accordance with Good Manufacturing Practices regulations, all drug producing companies in Europe, is the control of production processes. Production facilities, are required to comply with the rules check.
In the U.S. Hatch-Waxman Act out of the Hatch-Waxman Act (1984) through the generic drugs more widely available with the leading companies continue to develop new drugs for a balance between the incentives provided were established. Generic companies, the approval process for the patent with fewer early start have the right to violate. Since the date of the adoption of the Law of the generic drug market has increased at a rate of almost 50%.

Health - WHO definition - Health - DSÖ'nün Definition
Health, not only has an illness or weakness, a complete physical, mental and social wellbeing is a state. 152nd of the Treaty on European Union According to Article: "Community policies and activities relating to definition and application of human health at high levels will be supervising."

Health Outcome - Health Results
Health (or other) as a result of the provision of services in health status (mortality and morbidity) changes occur.

Health Outcomes Research - Health Outcomes Research
A specific medication, direct, indirect and non-tangible benefits and value-added benefits, including the young discipline / methodology is. According to the pharmaceutical industry, only the quality, reliability and efficiency should concentrate on such issues in the license approval process ( "farmakoekonomi" or "cost-effectiveness studies" is also referred to as) is not appropriate view.

HMO (Health Maintenance Organization - Health maintenance organization)
What you have received health care in a health plan that is followed. Managed care, you and your health plan participating in the coordination of health professionals are governed by the health plan. Are the most common management HMO'lar care plan.

Hormone - Hormones
Hormones, are molecules produced by a gland or tissue. Usually the blood moving through the hormones, in a distant organ or tissue effects. For example, the pancreas produces insulin, insulin also regulates the level of sugar in the organism. Hormones, nervous system, including the human body that coordinates the activities of billions of cells.
ICH (International Conference on harmonization - International integration / harmonization Conference)
Human Medical Products Licenses Technical Terms Relating Harmonizasyonuna International Conference (ICH), product license for the scientific and technical matters to discuss Europe, Japan and the U.S. and by licensing authorities of the three regions in the pharmaceutical industry professionals together is an important project. The purpose of the conference, product licenses and conditions relating to the interpretation of technical manuals and more harmonization in the implementation of recommendations for ways to provide.

Incidence - incidence
Number of new patients each year are affected disease.

Informed consent - Informed Olur
Participate in clinical research required to be informed that the concept of patient participation in clinical research on a reasonable decision to provide doctors / physicians and patients about the information (for example, potential risks, benefits, and alternatives) on the task is based on the principle.

INN
Put in place a molecule of activity is useful, it is an INN name (international non-proprietary name - an international non-proprietary name is not on) is given. This name is given according to international rules as are adopted and the World Health Organization affiliated to the approval of a special committee will be.

Innovation - Innovation
New products (innovative product) formation, in production to reduce costs (process innovation), or presented to the patient that a product's therapeutic value, which led to increased technological süreçtir.Yenilikler, new active ingredients in existing products and new indications of the same products use different ways can reveal.

International exhaustion of International Property Rights - International Intellectual Property Rights to be consumable in the International
Bölgesellik of rights based on the principles of this theory under the protection of a product of any country, the first legal sales after the product-related intellectual property rights owner of this product to another country (again) to be issued the right to restrict the loss means.

In Europe, the international rights to the policy in force is not exhausted. Community in that the depletion regime of rights to trademarks registered in the EU according to the region from outside the EU is a registered trademark owners of the branded goods imported within the Community can deny. The same situation applies to patented goods.

However, EU officials, European Union, under the protection of goods between Member States can move freely in a region considered to be one and unified. Accordingly, parallel imports within the EU territory will be granted.

IPRs (Intellectual Property Rights - Intellectual Property Rights)
In Law, patent, copyright and trademark laws, including the ownership and use of creative work is the edited field. Intellectual property rights, have submitted works to the benefit of humanity and the creative person or companies, without the approval of work to copy or mimic has been developed to protect against.

LDC (Least Developed Countries). The less developed countries (currently 49 countries).
Developing countries are scattered according to income levels: high-income, middle income, low income (see UNCTAD)

Medicinal Product - Medical Products
EU law, medical products, people or animals to treat disease or to prevent any substance or combination of substances is expressed as. People or animals or people in the medical diagnostics to recover physiological functions, correction or replacement of any substance or substances used in combination is considered as medicinal products.
For further information: drug regulation in the framework of Directive 65/65/EEC specifies the URL 2001/83/EEC amending the Directive to see.

MedDRA
(Medical Dictionary for Regulatory Activities Terminology)
Licensing Activities Terminology attached to the Medical Dictionary.
This vital medical resources International Conference on harmonization (ICH) and has been developed by the International Federation of Pharmaceutical Manufacturers Association (International Federation of Pharmaceutical Manufacturers Association - IFPMA) aittir. By providing a single source of medical terminology MedDRA, the medical products worldwide licensing activities related to increasing the effectiveness and transparency.

MEP
(Member of the European Parliament). (Short) Member of the European Parliament.
Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) - the Millennium Development Goals
The United Nations Millennium Summit in September 2000 adopted the Millennium Development Goals to the serious level of poverty reduction and improving the health of low income were found in the call. Identified goals and objectives, "the elimination of poverty on development and the creation of an environment" that are committed represents a partnership between developed countries.

Morbidity - morbidity
A specific disease in a specific region of the relative frequency.

Mortality - mortality
The number of deaths that occur within a specific period of time.

Mutual Recognition - Mutual Recognition
According to this procedure, provided by Member States of the license applicants in line with the preferences in one or more other Member States to apply. This procedure applies to most conventional drugs.

NGO - NGOs
Non-Governmental Organization.

NME-new Mokeküler Article
(New molecular entities). New molecular materials: human disease to be eliminated, to be alleviated, treatment, prevention or in vivo diagnostic use for the people of earlier treatment is not available and only if the prescription is presented as the targeted products (new chemical substances (ncesi - new chemical entities) biological products , including vaccines and biotechnology products).

ROOMS
(Official Development Assistance). Official Development Assistance

[size = 14t] Orphan Drug - Orphan Drug [/ size]
With a limited target population or to treat a rare disease, so the drugs are limited commercial and financial potential. The first time in the USA (1983) Orphan Drug Act entered into force in helping these patients and the drugs trade in terms of development to make it possible to provide incentives (and the exclusive market research expenses for the tax credit) has been developed for. In Europe, the Regulation on Orphan Medical Products more then (December 1999), "rare" as classified in the European Union and more than 10,000 people from around 5 in 5000 affecting illness diagnosis, prevention and treatment in the EU for the development of drugs entered into force for the purpose of animation.

OTC (Over the counter - Tezgahüstü Drugs)
Available is used for prescription drugs.

Outpatient Care - Foot Treatment of
Outpatient treatment services provided in clinics or emergency and medical services do not need to spend the night in hospital.

Some terms in the Pharmaceutical Sector-1

2009-02-11T09:21:00.000-08:00

Acquis Communautaire of the Community acquis
Since the founding of the European Union adopted the common law is called the Community acquis. This is the European Union's 15 members signed a contract Devlet'li and contains approximately 80,000-page legislation.

Adherence - Commitment
Patients, in line with the proposed treatment, to what extent compliance with medical instructions and prescription drug use to explain. Developed countries, the general public about the long-term adherence to treatment is around 50%. This rate is much lower than in developing countries.

ADR - Adverse Drug Reaction - Adverse Drug Reaction
Profilaksisi of diseases, diagnosis, or treatment or modification of physiological function of the normal dose used in human medicine against the harmful and desirable means of the reaction.

Antimicrobial resistance - Antimicrobial resistance
Antimicrobial drugs (antibiotics and other antibacterial, antiviral, antifungal and antiparazit substances, including microorganisms to kill or prevent growth to any substance) in the field of health development, the treatment of infectious diseases and prevent infection of the very large extent has contributed. However, excessive or improper use of antibiotics (especially in children with respiratory infections) has led to the development of resistant organisms. Emergence and spread of antimicrobial resistance, the EU and the world, an important public health problem has become.

ATC - ATK
Anatomical, therapeutic, chemical letters of the word starts and an international system used sınıflandırılmasında drugs.

(Benchmarking) - Benchmarking
Benchmarking, to provide superior performance to reach the quest to find best practices sanayiideki.

Biotechnology - Biotechnology
Biotechnology yararlanılabilinmektedir in two ways.
Biotechnology, chemical compounds of living organisms (eg, antibiotics and vitamins) to produce or to change them to open the traditional biological methods. Second, the isolated DNA, copy, cut and re-assembly and DNA from a cell's genes to another based on the technology transfer capabilities to the host. A non-natural ways to change the genetic material and genetically modified organisms have been suffered organisms (GMO) is called.

Blockbuster
Worldwide more than 1 billion dollars is the term used for selling drugs.

Bolar
America, Roche Bolar and between firms of the proceedings with a court order made in watchman-Hatch Act amendments (1984), generic drug manufacturers license preparation for making application for a patent has not yet ended, the use of patented products has made it possible. This amendment, effective patent protection in the United States to provide for measures to be taken there is a part of the political compromise. In Europe, this compromise, SPC (EKB) in the regulations, and restrictions in force to license no more than 15 years. Bolar provision ( "early working" is also referred to as) will become established in Europe means impairment of balance.

Cadreac (Collaboration Agreement between Drug Regulatory Authorities in European Union Associated Countries - European Union Countries Drug Licensing Authorities Joint Cooperation Agreement Between)
Countries to join the Union as drug licensing authorities informal cooperation between the volunteers. Institutions are represented by directors. Purpose of this cooperation, the participation of institutions in areas of medicine to be eligible for a license to make is to help

Cell - Cell
Cell, is the basic unit of all living organisms. Some organisms live in a state of only one cell. Bacteria and certain animal and plant species in question is of the single cell. The average size of 60-100 trillion cells is a human being. Cells nourish themselves, produce energy, is found in the exchange of information with neighbors and will die when the time comes.

Centralized Procedure - Center Procedures
Medical products, since 1995 can be assessed through Center procedures. This procedure has been approved through the medical products are given a license is valid throughout the EU. Licenses, are given by the European Commission. The medicinal products derived from biotechnological processes for the use of these procedures is mandatory. More innovative products (for example, contains a new active ingredient products) companies or mutual recognition procedure, this procedure may choose to use. Center procedure is used, in London in the European Medical Products Evaluation Agency (EMEA - European Agency for the Evaluation of Medicinal Products) file must be present.

Clinical Trials - Clinical Research
Clinical research, patient's health to improve the reliability and effectiveness of a drug to evaluate the research work carried out on humans. On new drugs and pharmaceutical companies sponsoring clinical research is performed in the compound, including laboratory tests on the (chemical / biological / pharmacological / toxicological), intensive pre-clinical development efforts in successfully pass can start. This test required and only the results reached in the case of promising, companies may try drugs on humans.

Committee for Medicinal Products for Human Use - CHMP - Committee for Human Medical Products
European Medical Products Evaluation Agency (EMEA) under the Registered Medical Products Committee for evaluation of medicinal products for human questions about the scientific committee is responsible for preparing the Agency's views. The Committee is appointed by the Member States consists of 30 members.

Compassionate Use - Early Access Program for Humanitarian Purposes to medication
Medicine without a license is given to patients before the humanitarian situation.

Compulsory Licensing - Compulsory Licensing
TRIPs agreement, without the consent of the patent owner (for example, in emergency cases), states, solid, depending on conditions, the production or sale of a product that allows you to include provisions.

Counterfeit pharmaceutical - Counterfeit medicines (DSÖ'nün definition)
Identity and / or in terms of resources and fraud in order to know the wrong labels are counterfeit drugs. Taklit expression, can be used for both branded and generic products. Counterfeit products:
1) contains the right materials;
2) contains the wrong materials;
3) do not contain active ingredients;
4) that contain active ingredients in the wrong amount, or
5) packaging the product may be counterfeit.

CRO (Clinical Research Organization) - Clinical Research Organization
And clinical research of the pharmaceutical industry providing services organization specialized in the execution.

Daly-(Disability-adjusted Life Year) - Disability and life last year
Potential life lost due to premature death and disability due to lost years of productive by combining the creation of a disease refers to the total load. That a healthy life in a Daly is lost.

Data Exclusivity-Data Protection (also referred to as Data Protection) - (is also referred to as the Data Protection)
Proprietary information belonging to drugs, new drugs for effectiveness and reliability of the scientific research to reveal, and a license obtained from the authorities to get the licensing proprietary (confidential) information. Data protection period, a company related to a specific clinical data on medicinal products can protect their rights while. At that time, another company for making this data can not use generic drug license application. Data exclusivity, the TRIPs Agreement, Article 39.3 in accordance with an independent intellectual property rights protection is acquired.

Data Privacy - Data Privacy
Medical history and personal health data without the explicit approval of the individual, such as unexplained or individual information that can not be used for transfer.

Differential Pricing - Different Pricing
Sometimes "progressive pricing," with equity pricing "or" preferential pricing "is also referred to as. All of these terms, the poorest countries of the world by purchasing power is used to describe the principle of price adjustment.

Disease - Disease
In the general situation of the body or certain organs and vital functions that occur in the performance of the divider or parasitic disease is to change.

Doha Declaration - Doha Declaration
World Trade Organization (WTO) at the Doha (Qatar) 14 November 2001 at the Ministerial Conference adopted the "Declaration on the TRIPs Agreement and Public Health" stop. Provided more flexibility in the existing TRIPs Agreement makes clear that the developing countries to address national issues in providing emergency healthcare to the TRIPs Agreement, the commitment of member states to the WTO.

DTCI (Direct-to-Consumer Information - Consumer Direct Information
Is prohibited in Europe, the Direct to Consumer Promotion (Direct-to-Consumer Advertising - DTCA) In contrast, the pharmaceutical industry, all patients consult with their doctor of the health issues in the knowledge-based decision-making as possible to provide true, accurate and easy to understand access to the information you have been accepted . Europeans, including pharmaceutical companies, all sources have access to quality medicines. (see "Information for Patients").

European Commission blame the drug companies

2009-02-11T09:07:00.000-08:00

Commission to market the drug companies to prevent competitors in the legal initiatives that were added.

Pharmaceutical companies take measures in accordance with law, emphasized the development and research objectives is to protect the investment says.

After the patent expired drugs for pharmaceutical companies producing cheaper versions of products into the European market are having trouble for a long time was expressed.
European Commission, the pharmaceutical manufacturers to enter the European market sometimes drugs cheaper to prevent a lot of overlap, have made application.
Commission at a time for a single drug, a full application for a patent in 1300 was done to this example.

700 cases
The European Commission's report, indicated that similar problems are experienced at the national level.

Approximately 700 patents related to open cases in the report that more than 200 brand name pharmaceutical companies in the main drug producing company to reach agreement was announced between.

More than 10 per cent of this agreement, the drug blocked the entrance to the market.

Unfair practices of the European Commission found that large penalties if drug companies could not be saved.

The Commission's report, has increased the pressure on the global pharmaceutical industry.

January 20 in the U.S. is prepared to take over the tasks of the new president Barack Obama'nın, the country is expected to work to reduce drug costs.

Entry into the Japanese pharmaceutical giant Daiichi Sankyo Turkey

2009-02-11T09:05:00.000-08:00

More interested in innovative medicines Japanese Daiichi Sankyo, has opened offices in Turkey. Company as the first thing he wanted to take osteoporosis medication in the market unveiled

ISTANBUL - Japanese pharmaceutical company Daiichi Sankyo, which will open Turkey office. Daiichi Sankyo'dan in the written description, Daiichi Sankyo Pharmaceutical Trading Ltd. All rights reserved. activities under the name of the company will be the center of Istanbul and Turkey to market Evista (Raloxifen) will enter the osteoporosis drug, he said.

Noted that the new institutions in Turkey's strategic management of Japanese pharmaceutical companies in Europe will take place in central Germany, the Munich head office, Turkey as well as offices in Germany, France, Britain, Spain and Italy all major western European pharmaceutical market is also centrally recorded.

Cardiology is growing in
, Noted that companies in the field of cardiology in the medium term growth target phrase was significant. Chairman Reinhard Bauer de Daiichi Sankyo Europe, issues related to assessments, the global pharmaceutical market in Turkey to increase the prevalence of a very important step for them said. In this way, until the year 2015 in Europe, leading pharmaceutical companies take its place among the goals one step closer to that expressed the Bauer, a multinational pharmaceutical company located in Turkey's Daiichi Sankyo'yu important factor affecting one of the market, and Turkey in the necessity of representation have been made . According to the information, research and sales of innovative medicines, pharmaceutical companies are interested in a Daiichi Sankyo in 2005, and Daiichi Sankyo is to combine traditional Japanese companies.

Turnover of 5.5 billion dollars
The company achieved a turnover of 5.5 billion Euro in 2007 in Tokyo center, the European center in Munich. With offices in 11 European countries with Daiichi Sankyo, research activities heart / circulatory, hematology, diabetes, antibiotics and cancer areas is getting intense.

Pharmaceutical industry from unfair competition worried

2009-02-11T08:19:00.000-08:00

Turkey's EU membership negotiations on the drop-down titles will create unfair competition with the pharmaceutical sector concerned, the implementation does not wish to become a member. Intellectual Property Law on Tuesday we drop the additional protection under the certificate and that the data in the negotiation process into the future münhasiriyetinin (data exclusivity) 8 +2 +1 years to be removed, the reaction of the pharmaceutical industry has taken.
Equivalent European Medicines Association (EGA) performed by 4'üncüsü this year, "South East Europe Pharmaceutical Symposium" was held yesterday in Istanbul. Equivalent to the European integration process of the pharmaceutical industry be addressed in the symposium, particularly intellectual property rights was emphasized.
Symposium talk at the General Secretary of Turkey, Turgut Tokgöz Pharmaceuticals Employers' Unions, the EU harmonization process, the Turkish pharmaceutical industry as well as positive in terms of equivalent pharmaceutical industry will adversely affect the development, he said. Tokgöz, competition and intellectual property rights in a rational balance between the provision of a vital issue for the pharmaceutical industry is equivalent said.
EGA Director Greg Perry, the main concern in the region of the additional protection certificates, data exclusivity and patents are the bond issues, he said.